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Ecology

Ecology. Chapter 3. ECOLOGY - the study of interactions among organisms with each other and with environment BIOSPHERE - portion of planet where life exists.

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Ecology

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  1. Ecology Chapter 3

  2. ECOLOGY - the study of interactions among organisms with each other and with environmentBIOSPHERE - portion of planet where life exists

  3. LEVELS OF ORGANIZATIONSpecies - individuals that can breed with one anotherPopulation - all the individuals of the same species (ducks) in an area

  4. A population is always composed of same-species organisms

  5. Community - all the populations that live together in an area

  6. What is in your backyard community?

  7. Ecosystem - the community plus the physical factors in an area (rain, light, soil..) Examples: Rotting Log Koi Pond Lake Clump of Dirt A field An old maple tree

  8. Biome - large area that has a particular climate, and particular species of plants and animals that live there (tundra)

  9. Biosphere - the part of the earth that supports life

  10. Ecological methods - how do we study it?ObservingExperimentingModeling Models are created by humans to make predictions.

  11. Sometimes, you must be cautious in how a model interprets data.... Imagine graphing a person's height as they age.  One could predict that by the time they were age 30, they would be 22 feet tall.    However, the model would need to account for the slowing of growth after adolescence.

  12. 1.  A group of animals that live in the same area and can interbreed is called a (n) _____________________ 2.  The study of organisms and their interactions with the environment is known as ___________________________ 3.  A large area that has a particular climate and distinct plants and animals is called a ____________________________ 4.  All of the different populations living in an area (plants, rabbits, coyotes...) is called the _________________________ 5.  An ecosystem includes all the living and ___________ factors in an area.  6.  The portion of the planet that can sustain life is the  ________ 7.  Animals that can interbreed are called a(n) _______________

  13. 3-2 Energy FlowAutotrophs (producers) - capture energy from environment and convert it into "food"Heterotrophs (consumers) - must eat thingsHerbivoresCarnivoresOmnivoresDetritivores / Decomposers

  14. *SUNLIGHT is the main source of energy*Photosynthesis - uses light energy to make "food"

  15. Chemosynthesis - makes food from chemicals (some bacteria synthesize food in this way) Some bacteria live in deep ocean vents, and make their food from chemicals in those vents

  16. FOOD CHAINS AND FOOD WEBS - illustrate the flow of energy in an ecosystem*Note the direction of the arrows, they indicate where the energy is going when one organism consumes another. Each step in a chain or web is called a TROPHIC LEVEL

  17. Identify:Primary ConsumersSecondary ConsumersTertiary ConsumersFind the Omnivore.

  18. Ecological Pyramids (fig 3-9)Energy PyramidBiomass PyramidPyramid of Numbers

  19. 3.3 Biogeochemical Cycles • (biology + geology + chemical) • Matter is not used up, it is transformed, the same molecules are passed around (see images in your book) • Graphics • Carbon Cycle • Water Cycle • Nitrogen Cycle • Water Cycle • ground watertranspiration (from plants)evaporation (from bodies of water)precipitation (from clouds)

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