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Understanding Solutions: Solute, Solvent, and Concentration

Learn about common terms in solutions, factors affecting dissolving, and concentration calculations. Practice with examples and solve problems related to molarity, percent concentration, parts per million, and grams per liter.

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Understanding Solutions: Solute, Solvent, and Concentration

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  1. Lecture:Water & Solutions

  2. I. Often-used terms The solutedissolves into the solvent, making a solution Example: making Kool-Aid… What is the solute? What is the solvent? What is the solution?

  3. I. Often-used terms If a solvent can dissolve more solute, the solution is un saturated. If a solvent has dissolved as much solute as it can, the solution is saturated.

  4. II. Factors Affecting Solvation (dissolving) • Agitation (shaking it) • Temperature (more dissolves in hot water) • Surface Area of Solute • Polarity

  5. Factors Affecting Solvation (dissolving)

  6. Factors Affecting Solvation (dissolving)

  7. Factors Affecting Solvation (dissolving)

  8. Factors Affecting Solvation (dissolving)

  9. Factors Affecting Solvation (dissolving)

  10. Factors Affecting Solvation (dissolving)

  11. Factors Affecting Solvation (dissolving)

  12. Factors Affecting Solvation (dissolving)

  13. Factors Affecting Solvation (dissolving)

  14. Concentration Calculations • Molarity • % Concentration • Parts Per Million (ppm) • Grams per Liter (g/L)

  15. Concentration Calculations • Molarity • % Concentration • Parts Per Million (ppm) • Grams per Liter (g/L)

  16. Learning Opportunity #1 How many moles of CaCl2 would be required to make 5.0 L of a 2.5 M solution?

  17. Learning Opportunity #1 How many moles of CaCl2 would be required to make 5.0 L of a 2.5 M solution? answer: 12.5 moles CaCl2

  18. Learning Opportunity #2 How many grams of NaCl would be required to make 12.0 L of a 3.0 M solution?

  19. Learning Opportunity #2 How many grams of NaCl would be required to make 12.0 L of a 3.0 M solution? answer: 2106 grams NaCl

  20. Actual CST Question!

  21. Concentration Calculations • Molarity • % Concentration • Parts Per Million (ppm) • Grams per Liter (g/L)

  22. Learning Opportunity #3 How many grams of NaCl are required to make 500 grams of a 4% NaCl solution?

  23. Learning Opportunity #3 How many grams of NaCl are required to make 500 grams of a 4% NaCl solution? answer: 20 grams NaCl

  24. Learning Opportunity #4 How many grams of water are required to make 500 grams of a 4% NaCl solution?

  25. Learning Opportunity #4 How many grams of water are required to make 500 grams of a 4% NaCl solution? answer: 480 g H2O

  26. Concentration Calculations III. Parts per Million

  27. Concentration Calculations • Molarity • % Concentration • Parts Per Million (ppm) • Grams per Liter (g/L)

  28. Concentration Calculations The concentration of chlorine in a swimming pool is 500 ppm (parts per million). How many grams of chlorine are in 1 kg of this pool water?

  29. Concentration Calculations The concentration of chlorine in a swimming pool is 500 ppm (parts per million). How many grams of chlorine are in 1 kg of this pool water? answer: 0.5 g Cl

  30. Concentration Calculations

  31. Concentration Calculations • Molarity • % Concentration • Parts Per Million (ppm) • Grams per Liter (g/L)

  32. Concentration Calculations The solubility of ammonia in water is 340 g/L. How many grams of ammonia can dissolve in 55 L of water?

  33. Concentration Calculations The solubility of ammonia in water is 340 g/L. How many grams of ammonia can dissolve in 55 L of water? answer: 18,700 g

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