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What is Synthetic Biology?

What is Synthetic Biology?. ELECTRICAL engineering solution. water = weight water<weight. MECHANICAL engineering solution. BIOLOGICAL engineering solution. BIOLOGICAL engineering solution. BIOLOGICAL engineering solution. A biological machine. The instructions for the machine.

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What is Synthetic Biology?

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  1. What is Synthetic Biology?

  2. ELECTRICAL engineering solution

  3. water = weight water<weight MECHANICAL engineering solution

  4. BIOLOGICAL engineering solution

  5. BIOLOGICAL engineering solution

  6. BIOLOGICAL engineering solution

  7. A biological machine

  8. The instructions for the machine

  9. Figure 20.1 An overview of how bacterial plasmids are used to clone genes

  10. Genetic engineering involves moving existing genes from one organism to another.

  11. Synthetic biology involves constructing new genetic systems and turning cells into biological machines

  12. A bacterial photograph Bacteria engineered to change color based on light

  13. A LIVING HOUSE - Terreform’s Fab Tree Hab

  14. Or… Bacteria that can test for Arsenic in water Bacterial computers Bacteria that detect mines Yogurt that cleans teeth These are not possible by evolution

  15. Engineered bacteria to change color based on light. Evolution didn’t do this! Engineers did… And they have…

  16. Synthetic biology is engineering How is engineering different from science?

  17. Synthetic Biology Standardization Abstraction Synthesis A+A+C+T+T… Genetic Engineering rDNA Sequencing PCR

  18. Abstraction -- a term borrowed from software engineering to indicate the management of complexity inherent to biological parts and the systems made with them. Abstraction simplifies components by hiding, or "black boxing" information, facilitating their use and re-use

  19. Abstraction Hierarchy

  20. Part -- a nucleic acid-encoded biological function

  21. Parts

  22. promoter Ribosome binding site

  23. Device -- an engineered genetic object that produces a human-defined function under specified conditions. Devices are produced by combining one or more standard biological part

  24. Eau d’coli

  25. System- an engineered genetic object that produces a human-defined function under specified conditions. Systems are produced by combining one or more standard biological Device.

  26. Standardization a series of assembly and characterization rules. In time, these standards may allow the reliable physical and functional assembly of genetic parts into devices, and devices into systems

  27. Standard Assembly Std functional assembly???

  28. An engineering paradigm

  29. What precisely is the problem or opportunity you are focusing on? • How clear are you on an approach to make a dent in the problem? • What if your project is fully successful? How big a difference could it make? What concerns will it raise? • What other technologies can be used/have been used to address this area? • What don't you know? How big are the gaps in what you know? How much is completely unknown or unknowable?

  30. iTune: the test part of the paradigm • Characterizing the device • Can we tune it to the output we want? • Why would we want to do this?

  31. We can increase or decrease the output of a gene by affecting: • The promoter • Which alters the rate of transcription • The RBS • Which alters the rate of translation

  32. LacZ codes for Beta-Galactosidase

  33. If given lactose Glucose Galactose ORF LacZ promoter RBS

  34. If given ONPG Galactose o-nitrophenol, (yellow) ORF LacZ promoter RBS

  35. Yellow color is proportional to the o-nitrophenol • Which is proportional to the amount of LacZ expression (Beta-galactosidase) • Which is controlled by the Promoter and RBS • Activity is measured in Miller units

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