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Parliament Triumphs in England

Parliament Triumphs in England. Chapter 4 Section 3. OBJECTIVES Describe the Tudor monarchs’ relations with Parliament Analyze how clashes between the Stuarts and Parliament ushered in a century of revolution

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Parliament Triumphs in England

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  1. Parliament Triumphs in England Chapter 4 Section 3 • OBJECTIVES • Describe the Tudor monarchs’ relations with Parliament • Analyze how clashes between the Stuarts and Parliament ushered in a century of revolution • Understand how the English Civil War and the development of the Commonwealth led to the Glorious Revolution • Explain the development of English constitutional government

  2. I. A Century of Revolution • Elizabeth I • Dies childless • Closest relative is James I • King of Scotland • Start of the Stuart Dynasty • Belief in Divine Right

  3. James I • Constant clashes with Parliament • Mostly over money and foreign affairs • James would just dissolve parliament and collect taxes on his own

  4. Charles I • 1625 • Believed in Divine Right • 1628 • Summons Parliament to raise taxes • Parliament forces Charles to sign the Petition of Right • King cannot raise taxes without consent of Parliament • Charles signs it and then ignores it • Scottish Revolt • Charles forced to summon Parliament again • The Long Parliament (1640) • Session lasts until 1653 • Back and forth struggles from 160-1642

  5. II. The English Civil War • 1642-1651 • Cavaliers • Supported the King • Roundhead • Supported Parliament • Puritans • Called roundheads for their haircuts

  6. Oliver Cromwell • Military Genius • Organized the “New Model Army” • Officers of skill rather than social class • By 1647 • Cromwell and his army captured the King • 1649 • Charles I is executed • 1st time in history, the English ruler was executed • No ruler could claim absolute power

  7. III. Cromwell and the Commonwealth • Parliament • Abolishes the monarchy, the House of Lords and the Church of England • Establishes the Commonwealth • Lead by Cromwell • The Struggle • Resistors from Scotland and Ireland • Supported Charles II • Levellers • Believed that the poor should have the same rights in the Government as the rich • 1653 • Cromwell takes the title: Lord Protector • Rules as a dictator

  8. The End of Cromwell • England becomes a very Puritan country • However England does not all follow Puritan teachings • Drinking • Gambling • Dancing • Theaters • 1658 • Cromwell dies • Puritans lose grip on government • 1660 • Parliament invited Charles II to take over

  9. IV. Restoration to Glorious Revolution • Charles II • Reestablished the Church of England • Yet had Catholic sympathies • James II • Charles’ Brother • Inherits the throne in 1685 • He is an open Catholic • Appoints Catholics to higher positions

  10. Parliament • Invites Mary (James’ daughter) and her husband William of Orange to invade England • When William lands in England, James II flees for France • This event is know as the Glorious Revolution • The Bloodless overthrow

  11. V. The English Bill of Rights • 1689 • Shows the superiority of Parliament • Trial by Jury • Abolished Cruel and Unusual Punishment • Toleration Act • Granted religious freedom to Quakers, Puritans and others • NOT TO CATHOLICS

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