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INTRO TO ANESTHESIA SFC HILL

Explore the origins of anesthesia from primitive techniques to modern agents, including inhalation and local/regional methods. Understand the stages of general anesthesia and its components. Discover key milestones in the history of anesthesia and the evolution of different techniques utilized in medical practice.

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INTRO TO ANESTHESIA SFC HILL

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  1. INTRO TO ANESTHESIASFC HILL

  2. ANESTHESIA ANESTHESIA - Partial or complete loss of sensation with or with out loss of consciousness as result of disease, injury, or administration of an anesthetic agent, usually by injection or inhalation.

  3. HISTORY OF ANESTHESIAPRIMITIVE TECHNIQUES • Club • Strangulation • Alcohol • Mesmerism • Plants

  4. HISTORY OF ANESTHESIAINHALATION AGENTS • Nitrous Oxide • 1799 Davy • 1824 Hickman • 1844 Wells • Ether • 1842 Long • 1847 Snow • Modern Agents • Halothane 1956 • Enflurane 1972 • Isoflurane 1981 • Sevoflurane and Desflurane

  5. HISTORY OF ANESTHESIALOCAL/REGIONAL • 1836 needle trochar • 1844 hollow needle • 1851 syringe • 1884 Koller opthalmic anesthesia • 1885 Hallstead/Hall local/regional blocks • 1898 Bier spinal

  6. ANESTHESIA OVERVIEWSTAGES OF GENERAL ANESTHESIA • STAGE 1 (Amnesia): From induction of anesthesia to loss of conciousness (loss of eyelid reflex). Pain perception threshold is not lowered.

  7. ANESTHESIA OVERVIEWSTAGES OF GENERAL ANESTHESIA • STAGE 2 (Delirium/Excitement): Characterized by uninhibited excitation. Pupils are dilated and eyes divergent. Agitation, delirium, irregular respiration, and breatholding are commonly seen. Potentially dangerous responses can occur during this stage including vomiting, laryngospasm, HTN, tachycardia, and uncontrolled movement.

  8. ANESTHESIA OVERVIEWSTAGES OF GENERAL ANESTHESIA • STAGE 3 (Surgical Anesthesia): Central gaze,constricted pupils, and regular respirations. Target depth of anesthesia is sufficient when painful stimulation does not elicit somatic reflexes or deleterious autonomic reflexes.

  9. ANESTHESIA OVERVIEWSTAGES OF GENERAL ANESTHESIA • STAGE 3 • Plane 1 From the return of regular respirations to the cessation of REM.

  10. ANESTHESIA OVERVIEWSTAGES OF GENERAL ANESTHESIA • STAGE 3 • Plane 2 The Surgical Plane • From the cessation of REM to the onset of paresis of the intercostal muscles.

  11. ANESTHESIA OVERVIEWSTAGES OF GENERAL ANESTHESIA • STAGE 3 • Plane 3 From the onset to the complete paralysis of the intercostal muscles.

  12. ANESTHESIA OVERVIEWSTAGES OF GENERAL ANESTHESIA • STAGE 3 • Plane 4 • From the paralysis of the intercostal of this plane the patient will be apneic. muscles to the paralysis of the diaphragm - at the end

  13. ANESTHESIA OVERVIEWSTAGES OF GENERAL ANESTHESIA • STAGE 4 (Impending Death/Overdose): Onset of apnea, dilated and nonreactive pupils, and hypotension to complete circulatory failure.

  14. ANESTHESIA OVERVIEWCOMPONENTS OF GENERAL ANESTHESIA • 1. Unconsciousness (Hypnosis) • 2. Analgesia (Areflexia) • 3. Muscle relaxation

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