Chapter Six

1. Chapter Six Adaptation in the Meiji period http://www.awesomestories.com/assets/emperor-meiji

2. Outcomes • 8.1.6 Analyze the effects that rapid adaptation had on traditionally isolated Japan during the Meiji period by exploring and reflecting upon the following: • How did Japan adapt to changes brought on by the transition from feudal to modern models of organization? • How did the changes resulting from adaptation affect Japan economically, politically, and socially during the Meiji period? • In what ways did changes resulting from isolation in the Edo period compare to changes resulting from adaptation in the Meiji period? • What challenges emerged for the Japanese in maintaining traditional cultural aspects of their society while undergoing rapid change?

3. Change • Rapid change will begin in Japan after the Iwakura Mission • Some accepted this change, some were conservative and wanted things to stay the same • Wanted to industrialize Japan • Ended up modeling their navy after Britain, army after Germany, university after the USA and education after France.

4. FukuzawaYukichi • Very important to Japan as he was an author, teacher, and entrepreneur • Attended the Iwakura Mission • Influenced politicians because he owned a newspaper (printed ideas in it) • Promoted the changes as positive

5. http://www.morebanknotes.com/taxonomy/term/134

6. Political Changes • Wanted a constitutional government • A government in which operation is controlled by a set list of rules (pg. 194) • Western countries had constitutions… if Japan did, maybe they would respect them • Domains were abolished, changed to a prefecture system • An administrative district, somewhat like a large county (pg. 195) • Used the Emperor to build nationalism as everyone had respect for him

7. Politics Continued • Created a centralized government called the Dajokan • Eliminated the social hierarchy (made people happier and therefore like the government) • Created a system that reflected Japanese society • Didn’t really have different political parties as that wasn’t really the Japanese way

8. The Constitution of Japan 1889 (pg. 197) • Emperor is above the Constitution • Government ministers are responsible to the Emperor • Emperor’s Powers: • Command military and control foreign policy • Appoint cabinet ministers, judges, and Privy Council members • Convene and dissolve the Imperial Diet (parliament) at will • Imperial Diet will have two houses of equal power • House of Peers (upper) – Members are elected for life by the Emperor • Lower House – 300 members which are elected by the people for four years • Freedom of speech (this was taken away), religion, and association. The Government is able to take away these rights (which they did for freedom of speech)

9. Economic System A look at how Japan changed economically. http://moodleshare.org/course/view.php?id=28

10. Industrialization • This became one of the main goals of the new government • Really developed their military, textiles, glass, and chemicals • The Japanese Government funded these industries but that cost too much money, eventually were given to private business owners (except for military) • Many of the small private companies that took control of the industry were very close to the government (ex. Mitsubishi) • Created import tariffs were created so that not all Japanese companies were wiped out • Many small companies had to close and because of the industrialization, many farmers lost their land • Brought in experts from around the world to train the Japanese

11. Capitalism • Wanted this type of economic system so that they could renegotiate the Unequal Treaties • Wanted to create private business, not government controlled business • Government started to tax more so that they could earn money • Industrialization increased, Japan’s national income increased

12. Infrastructure • Started to develop in Japan • Railroads were built to connect all of Japan • Deep water harbors were built so that bigger ships could trade with Japan • Developed communication through telegraphs and telephones • Started to develop a banking system http://www.kptc.co.jp/e_port_outline.html http://digitalriffs.blogspot.ca/2012/02/thinking-about-infrastructure.html

13. Japanese Military A look at what changes they made to their military. http://www.gcsehistorydept.co.uk/#/ir-1900-1939/4554445792

14. Military • Wanted to have a strong, centralized, obedient military • Would strengthen the government • No one could attack/take over Japan, and since the military was centralized, no civil unrest would occur • Thought that if they had a strong military, they could renegotiate the Unequal Treaties • Wanted to be a colonial power (i.e. try and take over other countries) because colonial countries were deemed powerful • Because Japan started to modernize/expand their military, other countries started too as well (arms race)

15. Military Continued • Used military conscription • Copied Commodore Perry with his gunboat diplomacy on Korea (made them trade with Japan) • Gave citizens who were conscripted education • Many would have never been able to go to school

16. http://www.war-stories.com/war-posters-wwii-2.asp

17. Social System Changes Turn to page 207. You will be divided into 4 groups and assigned one of the chart categories… http://ndesign-studio.com/portfolio/illustration/japan-earthquake-11-03-2011

18. Social Changes • Placed high importance on developing education • Elementary education was compulsory • Developed technical schools • Standardized education • Taught strong morals, national identity, and loyalty to the Emperor • Developed innovative universities

19. Cultural Changes • Made Shintoism the national religion (create nationalism) • Many still practiced/taught Confucianism • Had national mottos (“Civilization and Enlightenment,” “Be a Success,” and “For the sake of the country” (pg. 213) • People started to resent the west because they refused to renegotiate the Unequal Treaties • Wanted to modernize but still hold their traditional values • Was important to be successful individually but everything you did enhanced the country

20. More Changes • Westerners were not tolerant of Japanese customs so officials banned anything that was offensive to them • Japanese men who would usually wear just a loin cloth would have to wear a shirt • In 1872 they banned tattoos • No more public bathing • They made the Imperial Court change as well • Didn’t have to take off shoes • Emperor had to start shaking hands and smiling • European style food started to be served

21. Japanese Customs Now • People who are from outside Japan are called gaijin • Address everyone by last name unless you are super close to them • Hugging/kissing in public is very uncommon • When eating, never stick you rice sticks in the rice as that is how the rice is placed at a funeral…

22. Japonisme • The westerners started to want Japanese things • This showed the Japan influenced the west • Art was the main influence

23. Problems http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i4x7G_AOL8k • They would not renegotiate the Unequal Treaties • Made the Japanese very angry • Emperor Meiji dies in 1912 • Leading generals committed seppuku • Some thought this was stupid, some thought noble • Japan became very militaristic which led to the bombing of Pearl Harbor and the two atomic bombs being dropped • This took Japan out of the war and put sanctions on them building their military

24. Japan Now • Have created a super strong economy • Have had a massive influence on countries around the world • Are on the cutting edge of technology • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c_j5sXaWn8k • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ikus_TEaGI