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3. Papaya Ringspot Virus, (PRSV)

3. Papaya Ringspot Virus, (PRSV). Papaya tumbuh kerdil, daun dan buah mengalami mottle (dlemok-dlemok). P apaya Transgeni k tahan PRSV.

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3. Papaya Ringspot Virus, (PRSV)

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  1. 3. PapayaRingspot Virus, (PRSV) Papaya tumbuh kerdil, daun dan buah mengalami mottle (dlemok-dlemok) Papaya Transgeniktahan PRSV Kanan: Transgenik papaya tahan PRSVdan (kiri) non-transgenik yang rentan, pada kondidi lapang (Photo courtesy of Dennis Gonsalves, Cornell University). rps.uvi.edu/AES/Biotech/Papaya.html

  2. Tomat transgenik tahan CMV

  3. TANAMAN TOLERAN HERBISIDA • Herba/Gulma: • gulma, penyaing tanaman pokok dlm memperoleh nutrisi, sinar matahari, dan kelembaban • fisiologinya ≈ tanaman pokok • Herbisida: selektif, tidak menyebabkan kerusakan (non-toxik) pd tanaman pokok Mis. glyphosate, imidazolinones, sulfoylureas

  4. Dua metode utk menciptakan tan toleran herbisida • seleksi dan menginsertkan gen toleran herbisida dgn teknik rekayasa genetika: Roundup, • menginduksi resistensi genetik dgn zat mutagen/ Tekanan seleksi thd herbisida selama pengkulturan sel/pengecambahan benih tan pokok: sel-sel lini jagung diseleksi ketika ditumbuhkan dalam medium yg mengandung imidazolinon imazapyr, dimutasi dalam acetolactate synthase (ALS), mutannya mjd lebih 100x tahan thd herbisida imidazolinon dan sulfonylurea. Mutagenesis kultur bibit canola yg mengal tekanan seleksi tahan thd imidazolinon

  5. Rekayasa genetika tan tahan/toleran thd herbisida • 2,4-D resistance • tmsk salah satu klas dr zat pengatur tumbuh (=IAA, auxin), • berperan aktif mengendalikan gulma berdaun lebar, monokotil tahan • digunakan pd berbagai tan berdaun lebar (kapas), cereal • 2,4-D dpt didegradasi mikrobia dalam tanah, yi bakteri Alcaligenes eutrophus yg memp gen utk mendegradasi 2,4 D (= gen tfdA, 2,4-D mjd 2,4-diklorofenol • gen tfdA diklon dan ditempatkan dalam 35S promoter vektor dan ditransformasikan ke tan tembakau via Agrobacterium tumefasciens. Tembakau ini menghasilkan level monooxigenase yg tinggi shg meningkatkan toleransinya thd 2,4-D

  6. Roundup-tolerance • foliar spray, broad spectrum, non selektif, post emergence herbisida • utk annual danperenial grasses • mudahdiikattanahdanbiodegradatifdantidaktoksikthdmamalia • bahanaktif: glyphosatememblokbiosisntesisaromatikasam amino bakteridantanaman, krnmemblokinkorporasiasamshikimikdngaromatikasam amino • Enzim target ygingindicapaiglyphosateadlshikimate pathway enzyme enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSP sintase, EPSPS). • Gen yg mengkontrol sintesis EPSPS diisolasi dari Aerobacter aerogenes (aroA) • shikimate pathway terletakdalamplastida • Glyphosate tolerance: dngadanyaglifosataktivitas EPSPS tidakterhambatshgoverproduksi EPSPS, dankonsentrasiglifosattinggiygmengenatidakmempengaruhimetabolismetanaman

  7. Vitamin A deficiency 400 million people are at risk of vitamin A deficiency (VAD), particularly in Asia and Africa implicated in up to 2.5 million deaths annually in children under 5 VAD makes children especially vulnerable to infections 0.5 million children go blind each year because of VAD Supplementation programmes have reduced child mortality by up to 50% in target areas supplementation not universal; expensive; misses remote areas VAD is most serious in regions where rice is the staple food ; up to 70% children under 5 affected

  8. GOLDEN RICE • Oryza sativa, tipe Indica (IR 64) B-carotene tipe Japonica (Tapei 39) sangat rendah • GR: beras mengandung vitamin A tinggi (th 2000) • Diciptakan oleh Ingo Potrykus dan Peter Beyer • Biji padi mengadung genaryl geranyl diphosphate, bahan dasar utuk sintesis karotenoid tmsk B-karoten. • GGDP phytoene lycopene B-karoten (vitamin A) • Pada padi GGDP phytoene karena ada penghambatan kerja enzim PHY • I.Tipe GR1 mengand gen phy dan lyc • Bunga Daffodil (Narcissus, berumbi, bunga kuning) mengandung Gen phy (phyoene synthase) dan gen lyc ( lycopene cyclase)

  9. Kerja enzim phy menjadi aktif dgn memasukkan gen phy dan lyc dari Daffodil Pd endosperm padi: Kandungan B-karoten 1.6 ug/g II.Th 2005 : GR2 dng gen phy dari jagung, kandungan B-karoten 31 ug/g Ada tiga gen yang berperan pd sintesis B-karotenoid yi gen phy, ctrl dan lyc, dan gen phy paling berperan Gen phy diisolasi dari wortel, jagung, paprika, tomat, Arabidopsis dan padi Gen phy dikoning pada Erwinia, lalu ditransfer melalui Agrobacterium ke padi

  10. Kerja enzim phy menjadi aktif dgn memasukkan gen phy dan lyc dari Daffodil Pd endosperm padi: Kandungan B-karoten 1.6 ug/g II.Th 2005 : GR2 dng gen phy dari jagung, kandungan B-karoten 31 ug/g Ada tiga gen yang berperan pd sintesis B-karotenoid yi gen phy, ctrl dan lyc, dan gen phy paling berperan Gen phy diisolasi dari wortel, jagung, paprika, tomat, Arabidopsis dan padi Gen phy dikoning pada Erwinia, lalu ditransfer melalui Agrobacterium ke padi

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