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Exploring DNA Replication: Importance, Process, and Discovery

Understand the significance of DNA, its structure, how it codes for proteins, and the process of DNA replication. Learn about the double helix shape discovered by Watson and Crick and how DNA replication occurs during cell division. Explore the role of nucleotides and nitrogen bases in forming DNA strands, and the complementary base pairing that ensures accurate replication. Watch a video tutorial to delve deeper into the world of Deoxyribonucleic Acid.

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Exploring DNA Replication: Importance, Process, and Discovery

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  1. DNA replication

  2. DNA Video

  3. DNA = Deoxyribonucleic Acid • Importance of DNA • Molecule that stores genetic information in living cells • Produces proteins by coding for different amino acids • Proteins are involved in EVERY life process

  4. Structure of DNA • DNA is a polymer of nucleotides • These nucleotides have three parts: • Simple sugar: deoxyribose • Nitrogen bases: A, T, C, G • Phosphate group

  5. Structure of DNA • There are four nitrogen bases: • A = adenine T = thymine • G = guanine C = cytosine • Which bases are complementary to each other? • A with T • G with C

  6. Structure of DNA • DNA is shaped like a double helix • Looks like: spiral staircase or twisted ladder • Sides = Phosphate groups and sugars • Steps or rungs = Nitrogen bases • Bases are held together by weak hydrogen bonds

  7. Structure of DNA

  8. Discovery of DNA shape • James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the double helix shape in 1953 • Discovery was based on major research by Rosalind Franklin

  9. How DNA works • The sequence of bases code for different amino acids • These chains of amino acids make proteins • Set of 3 bases that code for an amino acid is called a codon • ATG + CGG + CTA  protein • Amino acid + amino acid + amino acid  protein Tyrosine Alanine Aspartate

  10. How DNA works

  11. DNA Replication • What is it? Process by which chromosomal DNA is copied before mitosis and meiosis • When does it happen? Interphase

  12. DNA Replication • Why does it happen? To allow cells to maintain the appropriate amount of genetic information Meiosis – each cell gets half the genetic information as the original cell • Mitosis – each cell gets the same genetic information as the original cell 2n 2n 1n 1n 2n 2n 1n 1n 1n 1n

  13. Steps of DNA Replication • Strands of DNA Separate: Hydrogen bonds between bases are broken by an enzyme and the strands separate • Base Pairing: Free-floating nucleotides pair up with bases on the exposed strand (matches with the complementary base – AT & CG)

  14. Steps of DNA Replication • Bonding Nucleotides Backbone (sugar/phosphates) of the once-free nucleotides are bonded together by an enzyme to form a new complementary strand • Result of Replication Two DNA molecules, each with a new strand and an old strand

  15. DNA Replication • http://my.hrw.com/tabnav/controller.jsp?isbn=0030931401 http://my.hrw.com/tabnav/controller.jsp?isbn=0030931401

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