New Islamic Empires Chapter 13

1. New Islamic EmpiresChapter 13

2. New Islamic Empires • The largest and richest tropical states of the period between 1200 and 1500 belonged to the Mali Empire and the Delhi Empire. (Bulliet 330) • Mali was founded by an indigenous African dynasty, which adopted Islam because of the peaceful influence of Muslim merchants and scholars. (Bulliet 330) • The Delhi Sultanate was founded and ruled by invading Turkish and Afghan Muslims. (Bulliet 330) • Unlike the Delhi Empire, the Mail depended on its trans-Saharan trade. (Bulliet 330) • Both Empires used Islamic administrative and military systems introduced by the Islam's. (Bulliet 330) http://www.flickr.com/photos/27557398@N04/2568132117/

3. Mali • The Ghana Empire preceded the Mali Empire, forming after its collapse. (Bulliet 330) • In sub-Saharan Africa, Islam spread through gradual and peaceful conversions. (Bulliet 330) • African coverts believed the Islamic teachings were meaningful. (Bulliet 330) • Rulers and merchants believed the administrative, legal, and economic aspects of the Islamic traditions suited their interests. (Bulliet 330) • The Mali Empire was established in 1240, by Sundita, the leader of the Malinke people, after battling against King Sumanguru. (http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/CIVAFRCA/MALI.HTM) http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/mali/hg_d_mali_d1map.jpg

4. M A L I • Mali depended on agriculture and trans-Saharan trade routes.(http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/CIVAFRCA/MALI.HTM) • Mansa Kankan Musa, was the ruler of Mali from 1312-1337. (Bulliet 330) • Mansa Kankan Musa, showed Mali’s exceptional wealth on the Pilgrimage to Mecca, causing the value of gold in Cairo to become unworthy for years due to how lavish he was with gifts. (Bulliet 330) • When he returned prom the pilgrimage in 1325, he incorporated the religious and cultural influence of Islam into his Empire, including opening Quranic schools along the Niger bend, and building new mosques. (Bulliet 330) • The empire began to disintegrate due to internal rebellions and external attacks, two centuries after the empire was founded. (Bulliet 94)

5. Delhi Sultanate • Islam’s arrival into India was quite violent. (Bulliet 333) • With a desire to spread their Islamic faith, raiders looted Hindu and Buddhist temples of their gold and jewels, kidnapped women for their harems, and killed thousands of Indian defenders. (Bulliet 333) • Between 1206 and 1236, Muslim invaders extended their rule and Sultan Iltutmish declared the Delhi Sultanate as a Muslim state. (Bulliet 94) • Iltutmish passed on the throne to his daughter Raziya, instead of his sons and she ended up being driven from office because of the un-acceptance of a female monarch. (Bulliet 94) http://www.flickr.com/photos/harpreetsingh/2401427026/

6. Delhi Sultanate • After Raziya’s rule, Alaud-din ruled from 1296-1316 and Muhammad ibn Tughluq from 1325-1351. (Bulliet 94) • Under those two leaders, the Delhi Sultanate carried out a policy of aggressive territorial expansion. (Bulliet 94) • In Tughluq’s case, the expansion was accompanied by a policy of religious toleration toward Hindus. (Bulliet 94) • During the Tughluq Dynasty, many rebellions and civil wars broke out, weakening the empire. (http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/india/history/delhi.htm) • The Delhi Sultanate met its collapse when a Mongol invader, Timur, sacked Delhi in 1398. (http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/india/history/delhi.htm) http://moinansari.files.wordpress.com/2008/06/delhi-sultanate-map-1312-color.jpg

7. ? ? ? Questions ? ? ?

8. Between 1200 and 1500, the Mali and the Delhi Empires were_____________. • The empires with the biggest army • The most agriculturally advanced states • The largest and richest tropical states • The longest lasting empires • The empires which covered the most amount of land

9. What did rulers and merchants believe about the administrative, legal, and economic aspects of the Islamic traditions? • They did not represent what they believed in • They suited their interest • They did not suit their interest • They were completely unrelated to their views • They posed a threat to their own ideas and traditions

10. Raziya’s rule over the Delhi Sultanate failed due to which of the following? • She was unable to deal with the pressure and committed suicide. • She gave up the throne and allowed her brothers to take charge. • She preferred to trade than rule the empire. • She was driven from office by unhappy men, unwilling to accept a female ruling. • She was kidnapped and murdered by her brothers.

11. Answers • C) The largest and richest tropical states • B) They suited their interests • D) She was driven from office by unhappy men, unwilling to accept a female ruling.

12. Bibliography • Bulliet, Richard W., Pamela Kyle Crossley, Daniel R. Headrick, Steven W. Hirsch, Lyman L. Johnson, and David Northrup. The Earth And Its Peoples A Global History. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2005. Print. • "Civilizations in Africa: Mali." Washington State University - Pullman, Washington. Web. 18 Oct. 2009. <http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/CIVAFRCA/MALI.HTM>. • "Delhi Sultanate in India - History for Kids!" Kidipede - History and Science for Kids - Homework Help for Middle School. Web. 18 Oct. 2009. <http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/india/history/delhi.htm>. Picture Bibliography • "Periods of European influence in Sub-Saharan Africa:." Web. 18 Oct. 2009. <http://fog.ccsf.cc.ca.us/~aforsber/Africa321/321colonialism.html>. • Photograph. Web. <http://moinansari.files.wordpress.com/2008/06/delhi-sultanate-map-1312-color.jpg>. • Photograph. Web. <http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/mali/hg_d_mali_d1map.jpg>. • "Qur'an on Flickr - Photo Sharing!" Welcome to Flickr - Photo Sharing. Web. 18 Oct. 2009. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/27557398@N04/2568132117/>. • "Tughlaqabad Fort. Delhi on Flickr - Photo Sharing!" Welcome to Flickr - Photo Sharing. Web. 18 Oct. 2009. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/harpreetsingh/2401427026/>.