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Factors Contributing to the Growth of Monarchies in the 14 th -15 th Centuries

387-395 * Discuss the Factors Contributing to the Growth of Royal Power and the Weakening of the Church during the 14 th and 15 th Centuries. Factors Contributing to the Growth of Monarchies in the 14 th -15 th Centuries.

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Factors Contributing to the Growth of Monarchies in the 14 th -15 th Centuries

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  1. 387-395* Discuss the Factors Contributing to the Growth of Royal Power and the Weakening of the Church during the 14th and 15th Centuries.

  2. Factors Contributing to the Growth of Monarchies in the 14th-15th Centuries

  3. Factors Contributing to the Growth of Monarchies in the 14th-15th Centuries 1337- 1453 Philip VI (Fr) confiscated Aquitaine from Edward III (Eng) violating a feudal agreement from 1259. Viewed as a civil war also since some French barons supported Edward, fearing a strong French Monarchy. Flanders wool industry towns sided with England due to the wool trade in north. Economic opportunity as it allowed poor knights, criminals to work.

  4. French Land Belonging to English Kings • French King Philip VI took Aquitaine from English King Edward III • Edward was actually a vassal of Philip’s, holding sizable French territories as fiefs from the king of France [it went back to the Norman conquest]. Philip VI Edward III Aquitaine

  5. Factors Contributing to the Growth of Monarchies in the 14th-15th Centuries 1337- 1453 Philip VI (Fr) confiscated Aquitaine from Edward III (Eng) violating a feudal agreement from 1259. Viewed as a civil war also since some French barons supported Edward, fearing a strong French Monarchy. Flanders wool industry towns sided with England due to the wool trade in north. Economic opportunity as it allowed poor knights, criminals to work. Early English victories.

  6. English use of longbow easily defeated the slower French crossbows. Battle of Crecy, 1346 Although not very accurate, this was also the first use of cannon in the West

  7. The Battle of Poitiers, 1356 English King Edward “The Black Prince” captured and ransomed the French King John II. England

  8. Early English Victories Early English Victories

  9. Factors Contributing to the Growth of Monarchies in the 14th-15th Centuries 1337- 1453 Philip VI (Fr) confiscated Aquitaine from Edward III (Eng) violating a feudal agreement from 1259. Viewed as a civil war also since some French barons supported Edward, fearing a strong French monarchy. Economic opportunity as it allowed poor knights, criminals to work. Early English victories • Helped rally support for kings by develop- inga patriotic, nationalist spirit due to having a common enemy. Success on the battle- field also increased national pride. Offered opportunities for wealth and ad- vancement for nobles who served the king well.

  10. Factors Contributing to the Growth of Monarchies in the 14th-15th Centuries

  11. Factors Contributing to the Growth of Monarchies in the 14th-15th Centuries 1429 Voices told Joan the “dauphin” Charles VII had to be king and the English need to be forced out. Joan accompanies troops at the Siege of Orleans, force English out, Charles is crowned king at Reims in May, 1429. Joan is captured by English allies the Burgundians and burned at the stake at Rouen, France in 1431. French win by 1453 when they force English out of all of France except port of Calais in France.

  12. Joan of Arc Helping King Charles VII of Franceof the Valois Familyascend to the throne. (Late 15th Century)

  13. Religious Banner glorifying Joan of Arc (late 1500s)

  14. Factors Contributing to the Growth of Monarchies in the 14th-15th Centuries Voices told Joan the dauphin Charles VII had to be king and the English need to be forced out. Joan accompanies troops at the Siege of Orleans, force English out, Charles is crowned king. Joan is captured by English allies the Burgundians and burned at the stake at Rouen, France in 1431. French win by 1453 when they force English out of all of France except port of Calais in France. Costly to the economy in terms of population loss and destruction of French farmlands. 1429 For England, defeat in battle and an increase in taxes to pay for it added to dissatisfaction among the people.

  15. Factors Contributing to the Growth of Monarchies in the 14th-15th Centuries Voices told Joan the dauphin Charles VII had to be king and the English need to be forced out. Joan accompanies troops at the Siege of Orleans, force English out, Charles is crowned king. Joan is captured by English allies the Burgundians and burned at the stake at Rouen, France in 1431. French win by 1453 when they force English out of all of France except port of Calais in France. Hurt English kings Since they had to Ask Parliament for money, allowing for the growth of “representative assemblies”. In France, However, kings refused “represent- ative assemblies. Promoted growth of Nationalism in both countries. 1429

  16. 387-395* Discuss the Factors Contributing to the Growth of Royal Power and the Weakening of the Church during the 14th and 15th Centuries. Day 2

  17. Factors Contributing to the Growth of Monarchies in the 14th-15th Centuries The Hundred Years’ War The Babylonian Captivity Joan of Arc The Conciliar Movement The Great Schism

  18. Factors Contributing to the Growth of Monarchies in the 14th-15th Centuries

  19. Factors Contributing to the Growth of Monarchies in the 14th-15th Centuries 1309- 1376 King Philip the Fair (IV) of France forced Pope Clement V to reside in Avignon, France over issue of taxes. 1377 Pope Gregory XI moved the papal court back to Rome, but died shortly thereafter. 1378 a conclave elected reformist Pope Urban VI who tried toabolish simony, pluralism and extreme luxury of the Church, but was harsh and unpopular. 1378 Pope Clement VII then was elected in France to replace the hated Urban VI. …So, we now have two popes?

  20. The Babylonian Captivity (1309-1376) Pope Clement V King Philip IV “the Fair" of France Pope Clement VII Pope Gregory XI

  21. The Babylonian Captivity (1309-1376) King Philip IV “the Fair" of France Pope Clement V ? Pope Urban VI Pope Clement VII Pope Gregory XI

  22. Factors Contributing to the Growth of Monarchies in the 14th-15th Centuries 1309- 1376 King Philip the Fair (IV) of France forced Pope Clement V to reside in Avignon, France over issue of taxes. 1377 Pope Gregory XI moved the papal court back to Rome, but died shortly thereafter. 1378 a conclave elected reformist Pope Urban VI who was very unpopular. 1378 Pope Clement VII then was elected in France. Helped monarchies since this reduced the authority of the Church by making it look disorganized and weak. It also hurt the Papal States stability and government in Italy. The economy of Rome Suffered since it had been based on the Papal court and rich tourism to the area.

  23. Growth of Monarchies in the 14th-15th Centuries 1378- 1417 With the election of French Pope Clement VI and existing Italian Pope Urban VI, the Church is split, or a “schism” existed. Nations then aligned themselves along political lines: France, Scotland, Aragon, Castile (Spain), Portugal and Italian states recognized Pope Clement. England and the Holy Roman Empire, recognized Pope Urban VI. In 1409 Church calls Council of Pisa and elects a third pope. In 1414 HRE Sigismund calls Council Of Constance to elect Pope Martin V. Helped Kings by further weakening the Catholic Church. Paved the way for new ideas on church government

  24. Factors Contributing to the Growth of Monarchies in the 14th-15th Centuries The Conciliar Movement Conciliarists believed best way to reform the Church was by periodic assemblies or councils, NOT by the pope. Pierre d’Aillyand Conrad of Gelnhausen recognized the pope as head of the church, but believed he derived his authority from the Christian community. Marsiglioof Padua argued that the church was subordinate to the state and it should not own any property. John Wycliftaught that there was no Scriptural basis for the church having temporal (political) powers. Late 1300s

  25. Factors Contributing to the Growth of Monarchies in the 14th-15th Centuries The Conciliar Movement Conciliarists believed best way to reform the Church was by periodic assemblies or councils, NOT by the pope. John Wyclif Taught that there was no Scriptural basis for the church having temporal (political) powers. Urged abolition of veneration of saints, pilgrimages, pluralism and absenteeism. Believed all Christians should read the Bible themselves. Followers were called “Lollards” due to their criticism of Latin prayers used in Mass. Late 1300s

  26. Factors Contributing to the Growth of Monarchies in the 14th-15th Centuries The Conciliar Movement Helped kings since this group provid- ed an alternative type of church government. Conciliarists believed best way to reform the Church was by periodic assemblies or councils, NOT by the pope. Jan Hus (p. 397 inset) Utraquism– receiving Eucharist (Communion) in both species of bread and wine. Transubstantiation – belief that during Mass the bread and wine transforms into the actual body and blood of Christ. Late 1300s

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