Introduction and History of Cray Supercomputers

1. Introduction and History of Cray Supercomputers CS 350: Computer Organization Section 001 Term Project Ryan Smith Jon Soper Jamie Vigliotta

2. What are Supercomputers? • A supercomputer is defined simply as the most powerful class of computers at an point in time.” (Cray Inc)

3. Computer Engineering Chemistry Fluid Dynamics Bioinformatics Uses of Super Computers

4. Uses of Supercomputers Cont’ • Creating Cleaner power • Developing drugs to treat HIV and slow it’s reproduction

5. Cray Supercomputers

6. Two General Categories • Vector Processing • Parallel Processing

7. Vector Processing • Vector Registers • Pipelining • Segmentation A + B = S A B A+B S

8. Vector Processing Example Input Vector A Input Vector B A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 B0 B1 B2 B3 B4 A0 Arithmetic Process X B0 Result y

9. Vector Processing Example Input Vector A Input Vector B A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 B0 B1 B2 B3 B4 A1 A0 Arithmetic Process X B1 B0 Result y

10. Parallel Processing • t time for one processor, t/p for p processors • Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) • Multiple Instruction Multiple Data (MIMD)

11. Cray-1 160 Megaflops 64 bit bus width Restricted memory Bandwidth Cray X-MP Based on Cray-1 architecture Used four Cray-1 Processors Historical Models

12. Cray-2 Same as Cray X-MP, faster clock cycle Cray Y-MP Multiple processors running at 333 megaflops Combined to reach 2.3 gigaflops Historical Models Cont’

13. Cray MTA Designed for parralel processing environment. 192 gigaflops, 256 processors Send data to and from memory at full processor rate. Cray Sv1 256 gigaflops 128 gigabytes memory 284 gigabytes SSD Scalable up to 32 units 1 teraflop peak Present Models