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Understanding Carbohydrates: Energy Molecules and Building Blocks

Learn about carbohydrates, their functions as energy molecules, and building block molecules like sugars in biochemistry. Explore examples, syntheses, and differences between starch and cellulose in this informative video. Understand the importance of carbohydrates for survival.

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Understanding Carbohydrates: Energy Molecules and Building Blocks

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  1. Biochemistry • Macromolecules! • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins • Nucleic Acids

  2. Intro video: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H8WJ2KENlK0&list=SP3EED4C1D684D3ADF&index=3

  3. Carbohydrates

  4. CH2OH O H H H OH H OH HO H OH Carbohydrates: Energy molecules

  5. sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar Carbohydrates • Building block molecules = sugars sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar

  6. sucrose Carbohydrates • Function: • quick energy • energy storage • structure • cell wall in plants • Examples • sugars • starches • cellulose (cell wall) glucoseC6H12O6 starch

  7. Quick review: On your own • What’s the chemical formula of glucose? • Name one monosaccharide • Name one disaccharide • Name one polysaccharide

  8. CH2OH O H H H OH H OH HO H OH glucose sucrose fructose C6H12O6 maltose Sugars = building blocks -ose • Names for sugars usually end in • glucose • fructose • sucrose • maltose

  9. Building carbohydrates • Synthesis 1 sugar = monosaccharide 2 sugars = disaccharide | glucose | glucose | maltose mono = one saccharide = sugar di = two

  10. Building carbohydrates • Synthesis 1 sugar = monosaccharide 2 sugars = disaccharide | sucrose (table sugar) | glucose | fructose How sweetit is!

  11. BIG carbohydrates • Polysaccharides • large carbohydrates • starch • energy storage in plants • potatoes • glycogen • energy storage in animals • in liver & muscles • cellulose • structure in plants • cell walls • chitin • structure in arthropods & fungi • exoskeleton poly = many

  12. Building BIG carbohydrates polysaccharide glucose + glucose + glucose… = starch (plant) energystorage glycogen (animal)

  13. enzyme enzyme Digesting starch vs. cellulose starcheasy todigest cellulosehard todigest

  14. Quick Review: With a partner • What’s the difference between starch and glycogen as far as humans are concerned?

  15. Cellulose • Cell walls in plants • herbivores can digest cellulose well • most carnivores cannot digest cellulose • that’s why they eat meatto get their energy & nutrients • cellulose = roughage • stays undigested • keeps material moving in your intestines

  16. Different Diets of Herbivores Cow can digest cellulose well; no need to eat other sugars Gorilla can’t digest cellulose well; must add another sugar source, like fruit to diet

  17. Helpful bacteria • How can cows digest cellulose so well? • BACTERIA live in their stomachs & help digest cellulose-rich (grass) meals Eeeew…Chewingcud?

  18. Quick write: On your own • Why are carbohydrates necessary to yours survival? • 4 minutes to write • 3-5 sentences.

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