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Scientific Method

Scientific Method. There is no single scientific method, but most contain these basic steps:. 1. Observation: recognizing and noting a fact or occurrence . 2. State a problem in a Question Format. 3. Hypothesis: an explanation for a question or a problem that can be formally tested.

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Scientific Method

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  1. Scientific Method

  2. There is no single scientific method, but most contain these basic steps:

  3. 1. Observation: recognizing and noting a fact or occurrence

  4. 2. State a problem in a Question Format

  5. 3. Hypothesis: an explanation for a question or a problem that can be formally tested.

  6. 4. Experiment: tentative procedure or policy

  7. 5. Analyze & Interpret Data: to explain or tell the meaning of - present in understandable terms

  8. 6. Conclusion: a final summation

  9. I. Observations must be accurate, free of bias, & recorded.

  10. 2 Types • Qualitative: non-numerical observations B. Quantitative: numerical observations

  11. II. A hypothesis is: a testable explanation for a question or problem and is based on logic, observations, andresearch

  12. III. Experimentation A. Controlled- an experiment in which all variables are the same except the one being tested B. Independent variable: the variable being tested; in a controlled experiment, only this changes

  13. Quiz Numerical Data is • Qualitative • Quantitative

  14. C. Dependent variable: any change that results from manipulation of the independent variable D. Experimental Group: the group in which the independent variable is changed

  15. E. Control Group: the group in which all the variables remain the same, including the independent variable

  16. IV. Good design features: - well planned, detailed - only 1 variable /Constants - collect data at regular intervals - large sample size - use metrics for quantitative data - repeatable

  17. V. Interpreting & Analyzing Data A. Graphs: 1. Line graph: data for the independent variable is placed on the horizontal, or x-axis, and data for the dependent variable are plotted on the vertical, or y-axis.

  18. 2. Bar graph: Use bars instead of data points to plot the data and are a good way to show comparisons among groups when data are not dependent on one another. 3. Pie graph: show which percentage, out of 100, a specific piece of information represents

  19. VI. Conclusion describes if the data collected supports the hypothesis

  20. VII. Scientific Theory time- tested major hypothesis that explains an aspect of nature

  21. VIII. Scientific Law a principle that describes an aspect of nature

  22. IX. Inference logical interpretation based on prior knowledge and experience

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