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Understanding the Basics of Biochemistry: Key Concepts in Lipids, Carbs, Nucleic Acids, and Proteins

This overview provides essential insights into fundamental biochemical concepts, including the structure and properties of lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and proteins. We explore the defining characteristics of these macromolecules, their components, and functional roles in biological systems. Key topics include the formation of bonds, the significance of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis, and the role of enzymes in accelerating reactions. Understanding these principles is vital for grasping the complexities of biochemistry and its applications in various fields.

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Understanding the Basics of Biochemistry: Key Concepts in Lipids, Carbs, Nucleic Acids, and Proteins

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  1. Chemistry Lipids Carbs. Nucleic Acid Proteins 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500

  2. What two things does the atomic number tell us?

  3. Number of ProtonsNumber of Electrons

  4. A ________ bond is a weak bond that forms between two polar molecules.

  5. Hydrogen

  6. Ca+2 has ___ electrons

  7. 18

  8. What is dehydration syntehsis?

  9. Formation of a bond through the loss of water.

  10. Explain hydrolysis.

  11. The breaking of bonds through the addition of water

  12. Lipids are composed of which elements?

  13. Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen

  14. T/F- Lipids are polymers

  15. False

  16. Why is Olestra Calorie Free?

  17. It has 8 Fatty Acids which prevent enzymes from breaking it down.

  18. How many water molecules are lost to make a triglyceride?

  19. 3

  20. A saturated fat has ___ double bonds between the carbons.

  21. 0, none

  22. Carbohydrates are composed of which elements?

  23. Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen

  24. Name three carbohydrate monomers.

  25. Glucose, Fructose, Galactose

  26. What is the name of the bond formed between two monosaccharides?

  27. Glycosidic Bond

  28. Name two polysaccharides we can’t digest.

  29. Cellulose and Chitin

  30. Name a disaccharide and the two monosaccharides it is composed of.

  31. Sucrose = glucose + fructoseLactose = glucose + galactose

  32. Name two examples of Nucleic Acids.

  33. DNA & RNA

  34. What is different about the ribose sugar used in DNA?

  35. An oxygen has been removed= De-oxy-ribo

  36. Where in the cell is DNA stored?

  37. Nucleus

  38. What three parts make up a nucleotide?

  39. Sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base

  40. What are the three different types of RNA?

  41. messenger RNA, transfer RNA, andribosomal RNA

  42. What are proteins made up of?

  43. Amino Acids

  44. T/F An Enzyme is a protein that speeds up a chemical reaction.

  45. True

  46. Name two things that effect how an enzyme works.

  47. Temperature pH Concentration of enzyme and substrate Salt

  48. What are reactants called when they bind with an enzyme?

  49. Substrates

  50. How can you denature a protein?

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