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Multipotent Stem Cells from Human Amniotic Fluid

Multipotent Stem Cells from Human Amniotic Fluid. Martin Haas, Ph.D., Division of Biology/Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego (mhaas@ucsd.edu). Multipotent Amniotic Fluid/Fetal Stem Cells: MAFSC. Short Introduction to stem cells hES Cells: Promise, Results and Prospects.

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Multipotent Stem Cells from Human Amniotic Fluid

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  1. Multipotent Stem Cells from Human Amniotic Fluid Martin Haas, Ph.D., Division of Biology/Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego (mhaas@ucsd.edu)

  2. Multipotent Amniotic Fluid/Fetal Stem Cells: MAFSC • Short Introduction to stem cells • hES Cells: Promise, Results and Prospects. • Main characteristics of MAFSC – a source of adult stem cells (ASC) • Adult SCs: Promise, Results and Prospects • Overcoming the difficulties posed by ASCs

  3. Properties of all stem cells • Two characteristics define a stem cell: Self Renewal and Differentiation. • ES cells can differentiate into all known cell types of the organism - pluripotent • Adult SCs differentiate into a limited number of functional/differentiated progeny – multipotent • Any claim of the isolation of a Stem Cell must be supported by evidence of self-renewal and differentiation of the same cell. • Stem cells are euploid, normal diploid.

  4. hES originate from the ICM of preimplantation blastocysts. hES cells are pluripotent: ES can differentiate into all cell types, including germ cells Are found in, and have been grown from bone marrow, heart, brain, liver, skin, prostate,etc Adult SC are merely multipotent. Adult SCcan differentiate into a limited number of functional cells Embryonic Stem Cells [hES] versus human Adult Stem Cells

  5. ES cells are immortal ES cells self-renew symmetrically = exponentially In vivo, ES cells are tumorigenic, giving rise to teratomas. Adult SC are mortal, their self-renewal is limited to ~30-40 doublings Adult SC self-renew asymmetrically, cannot be grown to infinite numbers Adult SC are not tumorigenic in vivo hES versus Adult Stem Cells

  6. Adult Stem Cells • *Adult Stem Cells = Organ SCs = Somatic SCs = Post-implantation SCs. • *At implantation ES cell self-renewal switches from symmetric to asymmetric. • *The molecular basis for this switch is not known.

  7. Weaknesses of current techniques used to grow hES cells • Ethical considerations • Moral attitudes • The law • (other)

  8. Weaknesses of current results with ES cells • Human Motor Neuron Differentiation from Human Embryonic Stem Cells • SOOJUNG SHIN, STEPHEN DALTON, and STEVEN L. STICE • ABSTRACT The therapeutic potential of embryonic stem (ES) cells is promising, but in many cases limited by our inability to promote their differentiation to specific cell types, such as motor neurons. Here we provide the first report of the successful differentiation of human ES cells to cells of a motor neuron phenotype…… • STEM CELLS AND DEVELOPMENT 14:266–269 (2005)

  9. Weaknesses of current results with ES cells

  10. Weaknesses of current results with ES cells

  11. Weaknesses of current results with ES cells • The efficiency of converting hES cells to functional cells suitable for transplantation is low • Problems of graft rejection have not been solved in any system • Ethical problems may not be relieved by political changes for many years.

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