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Understanding Photosynthesis: The Essential Process in AP Biology

Dive into the intricate world of photosynthesis at Bloomington High School. Learn the equation, structure, and function of chloroplasts, as well as the mechanisms of light reactions and the Calvin Cycle.

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Understanding Photosynthesis: The Essential Process in AP Biology

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  1. Photosynthesis AP Biology Bloomington High School

  2. The Equation 6CO2 + 6H2O + light  C6H12O6 + 6O2 Chlorophyll required Water both consumed & produced

  3. Chloroplasts • Site of photosynthesis • Structure • Double membrane • Thylakoids • Granum (Stack of thylakoids) • Stroma

  4. Chloroplasts • Relating structure to function • Thylakoid space • Allows for accumulation of H+ • Segregates H+ from rest of organelle

  5. Chloroplasts • Relating structure to function • Thylakoid membrane • Contains photosystems & ETC

  6. Chloroplasts • Relating structure to function • Large number of thylakoids • Large surface area • Large number of ETC and photosystems

  7. Chloroplasts • Relating structure to function • Inner membrane • Segregates chemical of Calvin-Benson cycle from cytosol

  8. Photosynthesis

  9. Light Reactions

  10. Light Reactions • Photosystem II captures light energy P680

  11. Light Reactions • Light energy passed to reaction center P680

  12. Light Reactions • 2 e- boosted to higher energy state P680

  13. ATP Light Reactions • 2 e- passed through ETC to Photosystem I • H+ gradient created; ATP produced P700 P680

  14. ATP Light Reactions • Photosystem I captures light energy • Passes it to reaction center P700 P680

  15. ATP Light Reactions • e- from P700 boosted to higher energy state P700 P680

  16. ATP Light Reactions • e- move through ETC • e- accepted by NADP+ NADP+ P700 P680

  17. ATP Light Reactions • 2e- + 1H+ + NADP+  NADPH NADP+ NADPH P700 P680

  18. ATP Light Reactions • Water split • e- from water replace lost e- from P680 • O2 leaves NADPH H2O O2 P700 H+ P680

  19. Calvin Cycle

  20. Calvin Cycle • Rubisco fixes 6CO2 to 6RuBP (5-C) RuBP = ribulose biphosphate • 3PG (3-C) produced 3PG = 3-phosphoglycerate

  21. Calvin Cycle • 3PG converted to 12 G3P • G3P = glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate • 12 ATP used • 12 NADPH used

  22. Calvin Cycle • 2 G3P exit cycle & used to make glucose • Glucose used to make sugars & other carbohydrates

  23. Calvin Cycle • 10 G3P (3-C) used to make 6 RuBP (5-C) • 6 ATP used

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