Period Two 600 B.C.E. – 600 C.E.

1. Period Two600 B.C.E. – 600 C.E. Organization and Reorganization of Human Societies

2. Bell Task Read page 87 in Ways of the World • What was the prominent big picture trend for the first civilizations? • How did each of the early civilizations end?

3. Civilization vs. Empire Settled agricultural life which allows specialization • Cities – as administrative centers • Political system based on boundaries, not kinship • Specialization • Monuments • Record keeping system • Long distance trade • Interest in science and art • Empires • States, political systems that exercise coercive power • Large and aggressive states • Comprised of a myriad of cultures

4. Persian Empire 323 – Alexander the Great defeats Persia 480 – Xerxes invades Greece 550-530 – Reign of Cyrus 1000 B.C.E. – settle in southwest Iran • Largest empire the world had seen • Little written evidence – rely on Greeks Persepolis

5. Caucasus mts. Open for attacks Homeland of Iranians Zagros mts. Homeland of Persians Mountains of Afghanistan Deserts Iranian- group with similar languages and culture

6. How did the Persian Empire rise from its Iranian homeland? • It starts with the Medes (Mada) • Cyrus 550 B.C.E. Achaemenids

7. How did the Persian Empire spread? • 20 years of expansion • Cyrus 530 B.C.E. – dead • Son – Cambyses II in Egypt • Darius I 522B.C.E • Indus River • Danube Darius Greek Artist

8. Imperial Organization • Satraps • Local customs • Tax/tribute • Roads • Who’s with the king? Xerxes Tribute in metals

9. Zoroastrianism • Ahuramazda – wise lord • AngraMainyu – hostile spirit • Zarathustra – prophet Faravahar Guardian Angel

10. How did it all end? • Speculate with your neighbor. • Were you right? Check your textbook or use Google