Unit 8 Text A : the fundamental differences between women and men

1. Unit 8 Text A: the fundamental differences between women and men

2. The fundamental differences between men and women Warm up Words and expressions Intensive reading exercise

4. Look at the preview of the movie Discuss with your partners the differences between women and men in psychology. “ He’s just not that into you”

5. discussions Thoughts & behaviors female: careful, considerate, romantic, sensitive, polite male: careless, strong, tough, realistic, straight

6. fundamental : adj. • serious and very important; affecting the most central and important parts of something 十分重大的；根本的 • central; forming the necessary basis of something 基础的；基本的 • e.g. • 1. There is a fundamental difference between the two points of view. 这两个观点有根本区别。 • 2. There are fundamental differences between your religious beliefs and mine. (Christian, Buddhist) • 你我的宗教信仰根本不同。

7. Bond: n./v. to develop or create a relationship of trust and affection with somebody 发展（或建立）信赖和亲切关系; 束缚，使粘合 e.g. 1. He is bonded by love. 他正沉浸在爱情当中。 2. It takes less than 10mins for the two surfaces to bond. 不到十分钟，这两个面就粘合在一起了。

8. Obligation: n. the state of being forced to do something because it is your duty, or because of a law, etc. 义务；职责；责任(liability) e.g. The company has to fulfill the terms of its obligation. 这个公司必须履行合同条款。 Obligate: verb  obligation: noun. Obligate: v. Bind or compel (someone), esp. legally or morally 使负义务;强使 e.g. We were obligated to attend the opening ceremony. 我们有必要参加开幕式。

9. intimacy： n. the state of having a close personal relationship with somebody 亲密；密切；关系密切 e.g. All the charm of their intimacy was gone. 他们之间那种亲密的闲情逸致也就此完了。 intimacy: noun intimate: adj. Intimate: adj. of people having a close and friendly relationship e.g.She is my intimate friend. 她是我的密友。

10. Commitment :n. A promise to do sth; or the behave in a particular way; 承诺，许诺；保证； 献身，投入； e.g. 1） I felt I did not have to make such a commitment to them. 我觉得我没有必要对他们作出那样的承诺。 2） He doesn’t want to make a big emotional commitment to Tina at the moment. 此刻，他不想在感情上对Tina作出重大承诺。

11. Undo: v. do  undo: verb Undo：to reverse an action or its effect 消除，取消；解开，松开 e.g. That mistake has undone all our good work. 那个过错使得我们前功尽弃。 ◆解铃还须系铃人 It’s better for the doer to undo what he has done.

12. due: adj. expected or supposed ( to happen, arrive, etc.) 应给的，应付的，应有的，适当的 e.g. The bank loan is due this month. 银行贷款本月到期。 ◆ due to: because of e.g. His successes were largely due to luck.   他的成功主要靠运气。 Overdue: adj. due not paid, done, returned, etc. by the required or expected time （到期）未付的，未做的，未还的；过期的 e.g. Now they are overdue and I shall have to pay a fine. 现在他们过期了，我不得不付罚款。

13. reservation：n. an arrangement for a seat on a plane or train, a room in a hotel, etc. to be kept for you 预订；预约 e.g. The hotel provides a reservation of tickets for its residents. 这家旅馆为旅客提供订票服务。 ◆reserve: verb reservation: noun reserve：to ask for a seat, table, room, etc. to be available for you or somebody else at a future time 预订，预约 e.g. Please reserve a seat for me. 请为我预定一个座位。

14. leak: v. to allow liquid or gas to get in or out through a small hole or crack 漏；渗漏；泄漏 e.g. 1) I can smell a leak of gas. 我嗅到泄漏的瓦斯。 2) Who leaked the news to the press? 谁将新闻泄露给新闻界的？ Leak也可作为名字，意为泄露，裂缝，漏出量 e.g. there is a leak in the roof. 屋顶有个漏洞.

15. filter: noun a device that allows only particular types of light or sound to pass through it 滤光器；滤声器；滤波器 e.g. This is a coffee filter. 这是咖啡过滤器。 filter也可作为动词， 意为过滤。 e.g. You need to filter the drinking water. 你需要把饮用水过滤。

16. shift: v. to move, or move something, from one position or place to another 转移；挪动 e.g. His eyes shifted to the telephone.   他的眼光转向了电话机。 Shift 也可作为名词，意为替换，转变，轮班 e.g. She works on the night shift. 她上夜班。

17. warranty: n. a written agreement in which a company selling something promises to repair or replace it if there is a problem within a particular period of time （商品）保用单 e.g.The machine is still under warranty. 这台机器仍在保修期内 ◆conditions of warranty 保修条件 ◆ content of warranty 保修内容

18. valid: adj. that is legally or officially acceptable （法律上）有效的；（正式）认可的 e.g. The ticket is valid for one month. 这票子一个月内有效。 valid invalid: adj. invalid：not legally or officially acceptable （法律上或官方）不承认的；无效的;病弱的,有病的 e.g. Nobody looks after the invalid.   没人照顾这个病人。

19. idealistic: adj. having a strong belief in perfect standards and trying to achieve them, even when this is not realistic 理想主义的；空想的 Idealistic Idealism: the belief that a perfect life, situation, etc. can be achieved, even when this is not very likely 理想主义 e.g.Americans are comfortable with an idealistic tradition. 美国人民醉心于理想主义的传统。 Realistic, real, realist, realism

20. thread: n. a thin string of cotton, wool, silk, etc. used for sewing or making fabric 线；棉线；毛线；丝线 e.g.Please give me a piece of thread. 请给我一段线。 thread 也可作为动词，意为“ to pass a thread through” 穿（针、线）穿过；通过” e.g. She threaded the needle for her grandmother. 她为祖母穿针。

21. dawn: n. the time of day when light first appears 黎明；拂晓；破晓 e.g.The diligent student gets up before dawn every day.   这个勤奋的学生每天天亮以前就起床了。 dawn也可作为动词用法，意为“to become light”破晓；开始发展，出现” e.g. The space age dawned in 20th century. 太空时代开始于20世纪。 It dawned on sb. that…

22. outlet: n. An opening that permits sth. escape or release. 出路，出口；电源插座 e.g. Children need an outlet for their energy. 儿童的精力需要发泄出来。

23. regarding: prep. On the subject of 关于；至于 e.g. He booked the holiday without regarding my wishes. 他不考虑我的意愿就把假日的一切都定下来了。 Regarding 的词根是动词regard，意为“ to consider…” 把……看成；认为；考虑；注意等。 ▲regard sth. as e.g. Leehom （王力宏）is regarded as one of the most popular singers in China.

24. analyze: v. To consider in detail in order to discover essential features or meanings 分析，分解 e.g.Can you analyze the structure of the sentence for me?   你能给我分析一下这个句子的结构吗？ analyze analysis: noun analysis: the detailed study or examination of something in order to understand more about it; the result of the study （对事物的）分析，分析结果 e.g. I was very much pleased by your analysis of the situation. 我非常满意你对形势的分析。

25. explore: v. to examine something completely or carefully in order to find out more about it 探究；调查研究；探索；探讨 e.g. 1） We must explore all the possibilities. 我们必须要探讨所有的可能性。 2）They explored this desert region in 1923. 他们于一九二三年在这荒漠地区探险。 explore: v. exploration：n. exploration: the act of exploring, the examination.开拓，探索；

26. interpretation: n. the particular way in which something is understood or explained 解释；说明；口译；艺术的演绎 e.g.1）The meaning of the poem doesn't really come out in his interpretation.   他并没有把这首诗的意义真正揭示出来。 2）She gave the Chairman a strict interpretation of the speech.   她把这段话准确地向主席作了翻译。 ★The interpretation of art 艺术的诠释

27. frown: n.& v. to make a serious, angry or worried expression by bringing your eyebrows closer together so that lines appear on your forehead 皱眉；蹙额 ★ frown at sth/sb. e.g. The frown on the man's face showed that he was displeased.   那人皱着眉头，面露不悦。

28. meanwhile：adv.& n. at the same time 与此同时 e.g. Eve was cutting the grass. And meanwhile Adam was planting roses. 夏娃在剪草，与此同时，亚当在种玫瑰。 Meanwhile也可作为名词，意思是“the time between one event, process, or period and another.其时，其间。 e.g. In the meanwhile, time did not roll on without effecting his usual life. 在这个期间， 随着岁月的流逝，他的生活也照 例起了变化。

29. mutual: adj. Shared by two or more people 共同的； 共有的；相互的；彼此的 e.g. 1) The house is their mutual property. 这栋房子是他们的共有财产。 2) I like her and I hope the feeling is mutual. 我喜欢她，我希望她也喜欢我。

30. racquetball: n. A game played with a small hard ball and a short-handled racket in a four-walled handball court 短拍壁球 Serve: v. To put the ball into play.开球，发球

31. phrases & expressions ask out 请某人约会（尤其指确立恋爱关系） as of 到……为止 break down 感情失去控制；坏掉 come up with 想出（对策；想法） gaze into 凝视，凝望 time and time again 屡次；多次 occur to sb. 出现在头脑中，被想到

32. push sb. into 敦劝；说服 put sb. through 使经历痛苦，折磨 reach a conclusion 得出一个结论 take sb. for a ride （非正式） 欺骗某 人；愚弄某人 rip sb. Off 讹诈，敲诈 beat up 煎熬；折磨；暴打 off and on 断断续续；不时地 push sb. into put sb. through reach a conclusion take sb. for a ride rip sb. off beat up off and on

33. 1 Let’s say a guy named Roger asks out a woman named Elaine. They like each other and see each other regularly. 2 One evening when they’re driving home, a thought occurs to Elaine, and, without really thinking, she says it aloud, “Do you realize that, as of tonight, we’ve been seeing each other for exactly six months?” 3 And then there is silence in the car. To Elaine, it seems like a very loud silence. 男人与女人的本质区别 1 假设一个叫罗杰的小伙子邀一个叫伊莱恩的女子外出约会。他们相互喜欢，经常见面。 2 一天晚上当他们驱车回家时，伊莱恩突然冒出个念头，她不假思索地大声脱口而出：“你知道吗，到今晚为止我们已经交往整整6个月了？” 3 随后车内一片寂静，对伊莱恩而言，这寂静似乎无比响亮 1.How long had Roger and Elaine seen each other as of that night? They had seen each other for exactly six months.

34. 4 She thinks to herself: gee, I wonder if it bothers him that I said that. Maybe he’s been feeling bonded by our relationship; maybe he thinks I’m trying to push him into some kind of obligation that he doesn’t want, or isn’t sure of. 5 And Roger is thinking: gosh. Six months? 4 伊莱恩暗忖：天呀，不知道是不是我的话让他心烦。也许他一直觉得我们的关系束缚着他，也许他以为我是想逼他承担他不情愿或没把握承担的责任。 5 罗杰琢磨：哎呀！都交往6个月了？

35. 2.Was Elaine sure that she wanted the relationship between her and Roger? No, Elaine was not sure that she wanted this kind of relationship between her and Roger. 6 And Elaine is thinking: but, hey, I’m not so sure I want this kind of relationship, either. Sometimes I wish I had a little more space, so I’d have time to think about whether I really want us to keep going the way we are... I mean, where are we going? Are we just going to keep seeing each other at this level of intimacy? Are we heading for marriage? Am I ready for that level of commitment? Do I really even know this person? If I should do something wrong, there will be no way to undo it. 伊莱恩想：可是，哎，我也不确定我是否喜欢这种交往。有时我想多一点空间，这样我才有时间考虑我是否真希望我们继续这样交往下去……我是说，我们的关系将向何处发展？我们就在这种亲密程度上一直交往吗？还是会走向婚姻？我是否已做好准备去承担婚姻这个层面的责任？甚至我是否真正了解这个人？如果我做错的话，就不会有回头路了。

36. 3.What was Roger reminded of when he heard Elaine say they had seen each other for six months? And what occurred to Roger right after that? • And Roger is thinking...so that means it was... let’s see... February when we started going out, which was right after I had the car at the dealer’s, which means...lemme check theodometer... Whoa! I am way over duefor an oil change here! • 8 And Elaine is thinking: he’s upset. I can see it on his face. Maybe he wants more from our relationship, more intimacy, more commitment; maybe he has sensed—even before I sensed it—that I was feeling some reservations. That’s why he’s so reluctant to say anything about his own feelings. He’s afraid of being rejected. Question 3 7 罗杰在想……那么这意味着……让我想想看……2月份我们开始外出约会，那时我刚从经销商那里买了这辆车，这意味着……让我看下里程表……喔！我早该换机油了！ 8 而伊莱恩心想：他心烦了，从他脸上的表情就能看出来。也许他想从我们的交往中得到更多，希望彼此更加亲密，有更多的责任。也许他已觉察到——甚至在我之前就已觉察到我对我们之间的交往心存疑虑。这就是为什么谈到他自己的感情时他就缄默无语。他怕遭到拒绝。 Question 4 A: Roger was reminded that they had started to see each other in February which was right after he had the car at the dealer’s. Right after that it occurred to him that he was way over due for an oil change. A: Because she thought Roger might want more from their relationship, more intimacy and more commitment, and he might have sensed that she was feeling some reservations. 4. Why did Elaine think Roger was upset?

37. 9 And Roger is thinking: and I’m gonna have them look at the transmission, the leaking gas tank and thefilter again. I don’t care what those fools say; it’s still not shiftingright. 10 And Elaine is thinking: he’s angry. And I don’t blame him. I’d be angry, too. God, I feel so guilty, putting him through this, but I can’t help the way I feel. I’m just not sure. 11 And Roger is thinking: the warranty is still valid, but they’ll probably try to charge me more to fix it again. Those guys are trying to take me for a ride! 5. But what was Roger thinking about as a matter of fact? Roger was, as a matter of fact, thinking about having the transmission, the leakaing gas tank and the filter of his car checked. Text Translation

38. 9 罗杰却在想：我要让他们再查看一下变速箱、渗漏的油箱以及滤油器。我才不在乎那些笨蛋说什么。车子排挡还有问题。 10 伊莱恩想：他生气了。我不责备他。要是我，我也会生气。天呀！我为这样折磨他而深感内疚可我又忍不住这样想，我对这份感情还是不确定。 11 罗杰正想着：保修期还没过，但他们可能会设法再多收我修理费。这些家伙正想宰我！

39. 12 And Elaine is thinking: maybe I’m just too idealistic, waiting for a knight to come riding up on his white horse, when I’m sitting right next to a perfectly good person. 13 And Roger is thinking: How dare they try and rip me off again! They think I’m stupid and don’t know anything about cars. I’ll show them who’s stupid. 伊莱恩心想：也许我只是太理想化了，坐在一个非常不错的男人身边，却还期待着骑着白马的骑士。 罗杰想着：他们怎敢再敲我竹杠！他们以为我是笨蛋，对汽车一窍不通。我会让他们知道谁才是笨蛋。

40. 14 “Roger,” Elaine says aloud. 15 “What?” says Roger, surprised. 16 “Please don’t beat yourself uplike this,” she says, her eyes beginning to fill with tears. “Maybe I should never have... Oh God, I feel so...” (She breaks down, sobbing.) 17 “What?” says Roger. 18 “I mean, I know there’s no knight. I really know that. It’s silly. There’s no knight, and there’s no horse.” 19 “There’s no horse? Or no ox?” says Roger, losing threadof what she was talking about. 20 “You think I’m a fool, don’t you?” Elaine says. 21 “No!” says Roger, glad to finally know the correct answer. 22 “It’s just that... It’s that I... I need some time,” Elaine says. 6. Did Roger understand Elaine’s talking about the knight and the white horse? No, Roger lost thread of what Elaine was talking about.

41. 14 伊莱恩大喊：“罗杰。” 15 罗杰吃惊地说：“怎么了？” 16 “别这样折磨自己了，”她说，眼里开始噙满泪水，“也许我根本不应该……噢，天呀，我觉得如此……”（她崩溃了，啜泣着。） 17 “怎么了呀？”罗杰说。 18 “我是说，我知道不存在骑士。我真的知道。这是犯傻。既没有骑士，也没有白马。” 19 “没有马还是没有牛？”罗杰问道，搞不清伊莱恩在说什么。 20 “你觉得我是傻瓜，是吗？”伊莱恩问道。 21 “没有！”罗杰回答说，庆幸自己总算找到了正确答案。 22 伊莱恩说：“只是……只是……我需要些时间。”

42. 23 其间有15秒的停顿。罗杰脑子飞快转动，想找到一个安全的答案。最终他想出了一个自认为奏效的答案。 24 “是的。”他说。 25 伊莱恩摸着他的手，被深深感动了。 26 “噢，罗杰，你真是这么想的吗？”她说。 27 罗杰说：“当然。” 28 伊莱恩转过身面对着罗杰，深情地凝视着他的眼睛，这使罗杰非常紧张她接下来会说什么，尤其怕她会谈起马的话题。最终她开口了。 29 “罗杰，谢谢你。”她说。 30 罗杰答：“谢谢你。” 23 There is a 15-second pause while Roger, thinking as fast as he can, tries to come up with a safe response. Finally he comes up with one that he thinks might work. 24 “Yes,” he says. 25 Elaine, deeply moved, touches his hand. 26 “Oh, Roger, do you really feel that way?” she says. 27 “Yes,” says Roger. 28 Elaine turns to face him and gazes deeply into his eyes, causing him to become very nervous about what she might say next, especially if it involves a horse. At last she speaks. 29 “Thank you, Roger,” she says. 30 “Thank you,” says Roger. Text Translation

43. 31 After Elaine gets home, she drinks a bottle of alcohol and lies on bed weeping until dawn as an outlet for her frustration, while Roger goes back to his place, opens a bag of Doritos, turns on the TV, and immediately becomes deeply involved in a re-run of a tennis match. 32 A tiny voice in the back of his mind tells him that there was nothing minor about what was going on back there in the car, but he is pretty sure there is no way he would ever understand what, and so he figures it’s better if he doesn’t think about it. (This is also Roger’s policy regardingworld hunger.) 7. What did Elaine do after she got home? She drank a bottle of alcohol and lay on bed weeping until dawn. 8. And what did Roger do after he went back to his place? He opened a bag of Doritos, turned on the TV, and immediately became deeply involved in a re-run of a tennis match.

44. 伊莱恩回家后，喝了一瓶酒，躺在床上啜泣着以宣泄她心中的沮丧，直到拂晓。而罗杰回到住所，撕开一袋多利多滋薯片，打开电视，立刻就沉浸到一场重播的网球赛中了。伊莱恩回家后，喝了一瓶酒，躺在床上啜泣着以宣泄她心中的沮丧，直到拂晓。而罗杰回到住所，撕开一袋多利多滋薯片，打开电视，立刻就沉浸到一场重播的网球赛中了。 • 32 在罗杰的脑海深处有一个细微的声音，告诉他在车上时发生了非同一般的事情，但他又相当确信他没办法明白到底是怎么回事，所以他认为最好是别去想它。（这也是罗杰对待世界饥荒问题的原则。）

45. 33 The next day Elaine will call her closest friend, or perhaps two of them, and they will talk about this situation for six straight hours. They will analyze everything she said and everything he said, going over it time and time again, exploring every word, expression, and gesture for possible interpretations. 34 They will continue to discuss this subject, off and on, for weeks, maybe months, never reaching any definite conclusions, but never getting bored with it, either. 33 伊莱恩在第二天找来她最要好的一位（也可能是两位）朋友，对此事一口气讨论上6个小时。她们对伊莱恩和罗杰所说的每一句话加以分析，反复推敲，琢磨每一个词、每一个表情、每一个动作，以求得可能的解释。 34 她们会几周，也许几个月时不时地讨论这件事，虽然永远不会得出一个明确的结论，但却乐此不疲。 9. What did Elaine do the next day? Elaine called her closest friends to talk about what had happened between her and Roger in great detail for six hours.

46. 35 Meanwhile, Roger, while playing racquetball one day with a mutual friend of his and Elaine’s, will pause just before serving, frown, and say,“Norm, did Elaine ever own a horse?” 35 与此同时，一天罗杰在与一个他和伊莱恩共同的朋友打壁球时，在发球前他停了一下，皱起眉头问： “诺姆，伊莱恩曾有过一匹马吗？”

47. Exercise I.1No.1-7 Focus1 Section 1 Exercise I.1 The following questions are intended to help you get familiar with the text. Try to use as much of the original text as possible in your answers. (1) How long had Roger and Elaine seen each other as of that night? (2) Was Elaine sure that she wanted the relationship between her and Roger? (3) What was Roger reminded of when he heard Elaine say they had seen each other for six months? And what occurred to Roger right after that? They had seen each other for exactly six months. No, Elaine was not sure that she wanted this kind of relationship between her and Roger. Roger was reminded that they had started to see each other in February which was right after he had the car at the dealer’s. Right after that it occurred to him that he was way over due for an oil change.

48. (4) Why did Elaine think Roger was upset? (5) But what was Roger thinking about as a matter of fact? Because she thought Roger might want more from their relationship, more intimacy and more commitment, and he might have sensed that she was feeling some reservations. Roger was, as a matter of fact, thinking about having the transmission, the leaking gas tank and the filter of his car checked.

49. Exercise I.1 No.8-13 Focus1 Section 1 Exercise I.1 • Did Roger understand Elaine’s talking about the knight and the white horse? • (7) What did Elaine do after she got home? • (8) And what did Roger do after he went back to his place? No, Roger lost thread of what Elaine was talking about. She drank a bottle of alcohol and lay on bed weeping until dawn. He opened a bag of Doritos, turned on the TV, and immediately became deeply involved in a re-run of a tennis match.

50. (9) What did Elaine do the next day? (10) What question did Roger ask Norm when they played racquetball? Elaine called her closest friends to talk about what had happened between her and Roger in great detail for six hours. He asked if Elaine ever owned a horse.