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Student Protest in 1968 Germany: Shared Objectives, Different Paths

Explore the German student protests of 1968, from economic recession to constitutional changes and the emergence of the APO movement. From peaceful demonstrations to radical factions like the RAF, learn about the diverse objectives and lasting impacts of this era on German society and politics.

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Student Protest in 1968 Germany: Shared Objectives, Different Paths

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  1. Germany 1968: Shared and Different Objectives of German Student Protesters

  2. The Economic Miracle Over? • -Economic Recession 66/67

  3. Constitutional Changes • Change in the parliamentary system • 5% clause • 1953 • From 12 parties to 4 • The small “splitter parties” eliminated

  4. Stability, but… • The Grand Coalition • SPD and CDU/CSU • Constitutionally problematic • A lack of opposition voices -- party-driven “coalitionsystem” • Questions about legitimacy of a democracy without the option of opposition

  5. “The Elephants Marriage”

  6. APO or The Opposition Outside Parliament • Term for a loosely organized activist group of students and young adults, who viewed themselves as an „anti-authoritarian“ movement • Goal: social reform through peaceful protests • Impetus: initially from Berlin

  7. What they protested… • War in Vietnam • The administration of the universities (student representation) • The danger of a Technocracy(Brave New World) • The influence and misuse of mass media • West Germany’s acceptance of armaments and chemical weapons • The consumer society and its resultant ecological impact • Conventions and values viewed as dated, e.g. sexual norms Quelle: Wikipedia

  8. Vietnam WAR Protest in Germany!

  9. Gegen Wiederbewaffnung

  10. Voting System. Valid?

  11. Media Monopolies • Spiegel Affair -Freedom of the press

  12. Marching through the Institutions: • Definition: the „68er‘s“ goal was to move up („march“) through responsible bereaucratic and political positions in order to initiate in the long-term changes in German society‘s social practices and politics.

  13. Sozialischtische Deutsche Studentenbund (SDS) • Marxist analysis of society • SDS members throughout Germany • The New Left • February 28, 1965 Rudi Dutschke elected to the political advisory council for Berlin

  14. Studentenprotest Rudi Duschke: -war an studentischen Protestaktionen führendbeteiligt. Er galt als charismatischer Redner und war die Gallionsfiigur der APO. - Dutschke wurde in Berlin auf offener Straße von Joseph Erwin Bachmann niedergeschossen, überlebte den Anschlag jedoch schwer verletzt, 11. April1968

  15. From Protest to Terrorism: • The socalled “red army faction” RAF • -Started in the 1970s, a small segment of the SDS student movement • Targets were department stores, banks, airports, important financial figure a hostage and killed • Result was a loss of support for protest movements

  16. Objectives Realized: • -The citizens’ initiatives (Bürgerinitiative) remain effective forces for local and statewide autonomy • -Joska Fischer, an SDS member, became an influential politician (Foreign Minister) at the national level in the 1990s • The Green movement stems from SDS initiatives and the party has sufficient members to be in parliament • -Germany has been a strong influence for recycling and alternative energy in the European Union

  17. AKA: Baader/Meinhof Gang -1968 gründete Andreas Baader zusammen mit Gudrun Ensslin und Ulrike Meinhof die RAF. -Sie wurden für die beiden Brandanschläge auf zwei Frankfurter Kaufhäuser verantwortlich gemacht und bald darauf verhaftet. -1977 wurden Andreas Baader und Gudrun Ensslin tot in ihren Gefängniszellen gefunden.

  18. Die Gruenen • Eine Auswirkung von APO? • Joschka Fischer

  19. Gruppe 47 • 1950: Günter Eich, für Gedichte aus "Abgelegene Gehöfte" • 1951: Heinrich Böll, für die Satire "Die schwarzen Schafe" • 1952: Ilse Aichinger, für "Spiegelgeschichte" • 1953: Ingeborg Bachmann, für vier Gedichte aus "Die gestundete Zeit" • 1954: Adriaan Morriën, für die Satire "Zu große Gastlichkeit verjagt die Gäste" • 1955: Martin Walser, für die Erzählung "Templones Ende" • 1958: Günter Grass, für das erste Kapitel aus Die Blechtrommel • 1962: Johannes Bobrowski, für Gedichte aus "Sarmatische Zeit" • 1965: Peter Bichsel, für Lesung aus dem Roman "Die Jahreszeiten" • 1967: Jürgen Becker, für Lesung aus "Ränder"

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