New Horizon College English Book Ⅱ

New Horizon College EnglishBook Ⅱ Unit 10 Section A： Reports on Britain Under the Bombs

Contents I. Background Information II. Pre-reading Activities III. Text Analysis– Structure IV. Intensive Reading V. Writing Skill VI.Exercises

I. Background Information 1.World WarⅡ also called the Second World War ,was a conflict that involved virtually every part of the world during the years 1939-1945. The principal parties were the Axis powers-Germany, Italy,and Japan, ant Allies-France, Great Britain, the United States, The Soviet Union and China. The war was in many respects a continuation of the conflicts left unsettled by World War Ⅰ.The 40-50 million deaths in World WarⅡmake it the bloodiest conflicts as well as the largest war in history.

2.Columbia Broadcasting Systen(CBS) made media history beginning in the late 1920s. William Paley put money into the Columbia Broadcasting System, which was then a small, struggling sradio network, in 1928.In 1974 it adopted the name CBS, Inc. In 1995 CBS,Inc. was bought by the Westinghouse Elctric Corporation, which changed the name inb 1997 to The CBS Corporation. The main offices are in New York City..

II. Pre-reading Activities Listen to the short passage twice and answer questions Q1. Why was the Nazi air force repeatedly bombing London? Reference key: Hitler wanted to beat England and occupy it. Q2. Discuss some ways the people of England coped with the suffering of this time. Reference key: the citizens on the ground worked bravely and with determination to rescue the wounded, put out the fires, and dig out the buried. The pilots fight against tremendous number of Nazi planes… Q3. Do you think the English people considered giving up? Why didn’t they? Reference key: No. They wanted their daily life to continue to be as normal as possible.

Script During World War Ⅱ, life in England was filled with hardships and sorrow because Hitler’s Nazi air force was bombing London repeatedly. The people of the country had to pull together and help one another in countless ways so that normal daily life could continue as much as possible. England’s Royal Air Force was heroic in the way the few pilots continued to meet and fight against the tremendous number of Nazi airplanes. The citizens on the ground worked bravely and with determination to rescue the wounded, put out the fires, and dig out the buried. Men, women and children felt the effects but stood firm, willing to resist until the last Englishman died if necessary. back

III. Text Analysis-- Structure • Part 1( Paras. 1-2): The deep, steady voice of Murrow expressed the feeling of belief that London would be there,no matter what it had to endure.. • Part 2( Paras. 3-5): Nazi began to raid England, but the English had the English channel . and Royal Air Force to fight against them • Part 3( Paras. 6-8 ): The hardships that London went through dropped by the Nazis. • Part 4(Paras. 9--15):How people in England coped with the sufferings brought by Nazis and at last they won the fight.

IV. Intensive Reading Part 1 ( Paras. 1-2): Q1: What was Mr. Murrow’s job in 1940? He was head of the European staff of the Columbia Broadcasting System and a news broadcaster (para.1) Q2: What did Murrow feel sorry for? He felt sorry for the suffering of London during the attack by the German bombers. (para.2) Q3:Why did Murrow’s voice contain a tone of confidence? Because he believed that whatever London had to endure, it could not be destroyed. (para. 2)

1.telling of England's battle for survival under the waves of German bombers.(Para. 1) (1) survival: /sE5vaivEl/ [U] 幸存，残存 e.g. the survival of the fittest 适者生存 e.g. Many small companies are struggling for survival due to strong competition。因为竞争激烈，很多小公司在努力求生存。

2) [c] 残存的人（物，风俗、信仰） e.g. The survival of beliefs from generation to generation shows the strength of oral communication. 人们的信仰得以一代一代传承下来说明了口头传播的巨大作用。 That fashion is a survival from the 1980s. 那种时装是20世纪80年代的遗风。

2. …a feeling of belief that London would be there, no matter what it had to endure(para.2) • endure:/in5djuE/ v. • bear(pain, suffering, etc.) calmly for a long time. 忍耐，忍受，经受 • e.g. I can't endure her endless complaint noise a moment longer. • 我一刻也忍受不了她那没完没了的抱怨。 • I can't endure loud music. • 我不能忍受音量大的音乐声。 • endure pain [suffering, hardship] • 忍受痛苦[苦难, 艰苦]. • No matter what : whatever不论什么 • Don’t trust him, no matter what he says. • 不论他说什么，都不要相信他。 • We have to get to the airport on time, no matter what happens.不管发生什么，我们也要准时赶到机场。

Part 2 ( Paras. 3-5): Q1: What were the German pilots sure about? Answer:They were sure about their ultimate triumph over England . (para. 4) Q2: What did Hitler and Goering believe about London at first? Answer: They believed that London would surrender after it became a burned city. (para. 4) Q3: Why were the English more fortunate than the Poles and the Dutch? Answer: Because they had the English channel as a barrier against the Nazi ground forces, and they had the Royal Air Force to battle the Nazis in the sky.(para. 5)

1.The heavy raids began in the middle of August, and Nazi bombs started to fall along England's Channel Coast. raid: /reId / n. (1).[c] a sudden surprise attack by armed forces突袭，袭击 • e.g. The air force has carried out a low-level bombing raid. • 空军实施了一次低空轰炸袭击。 • We made a raid on the enemy. • 我们对敌人发动了突袭。 (2). [c] a sudden surprise attack in order to steal or do harm(为偷袭或伤害别人而进行的)突袭，抢劫 • e.g. A security guard was killed in the bank raid. • 在这次银行抢劫案中有一名警卫被杀害了。

(3)vt. make a raid on…突袭，袭击 • e.g. The soldiers raided the enemy camp. • 这些战士袭击了敌人营地。 • The post office was raided late at night. • 深夜邮局遭到了袭击。

2. The German bombers cast dark shadows over the white cliffs of Dover,(para.3) • cast:/ kB:st /. • vt. • (1) put, cause or direct(a look, thought, feeling or opinion)投射（目光），将（思想、感情）加于 e.g. Some doubt has been cast on the future of the business. • 有人表示了对公司前景的疑虑。 • Her arrival cast a shadow over the party. • 她的到来给晚会投下了不愉快的阴影。 • (2) throw with force 投，掷，抛 e.g. He cast the line to the middle of the river. 他将钓鱼线抛到了河的中央。

n. • (1) [c] all the actors in a play, etc.（影、剧）全体演员 • e.g. After the final performance, the director held a party for the cast. • 在最后一次演出以后，导演为全体演员举行了一个晚会。 • Part of the film’s success lies in the strength of the supporting cast. • 影片的成功部分在于强大的配角演员阵容 • (2) [c] an act of throwing投，掷，抛 • e.g. The fisherman made another cast with the fishing net. • 渔夫又撒了一次网

3. Air Marshal Goering's bomber pilots were sure of their ultimate triumph over England. Hitler and Goering believed that when London became a burned city like Warsaw and Rotterdam, England would surrender.(para.4 ) • be sure of sth. certain to receive, win, etc. sth. 确信会获得，赢得 e.g. Can I be sure of a profit if I put my money there. 我把钱投在那儿一定能获利吗？

4.Air Marshal Goering's bomber pilots were sure of their ultimate triumph over England. Hitler and Goering believed that when London became a burned city like Warsaw and Rotterdam, England would surrender.(para.4 ) • surrender: /sE5rendE/ • v. 1) give up or give in to the power (esp. of an enemy), as a sign of defeat投降，自首；屈服（于） • e.g. They would rather die than surrender. • 他们宁死不降。 • He surrendered to despair and finally killed himself • 他陷于绝望，终于自杀。 • 2) give sth. To sb. else because you have been forced to do so or because it is necessary to do so.交出，放弃 • e.g. Nether side is willing to surrender any of their claims. • 双方都不愿放弃自己的要求。

Part 3-4 ( Paras. 6-15): • Q1: What did London citizens do during the wartime? • Answer: - On the one hand, they stayed calm and tried to continue living their lives; on the other hand, they did their best to help to defend their nation. • Q2: what did Murrow predict about the battle? • Answer: - He predicted that the English people would win the final victory.

1. On September 7, 1940, nearly four hundred German bombers hammered the city with bombs in broad daylight. Marshal Goering boasted, "This is the historic hour when our air force for the first time delivered its bombs right into the enemy's heart." • hammer: /5hAmE/ • 1).V. Hit or beat repeatedly 敲打，捶击 e.g. I could hear him hammering in the house next door. • 我能听见他在隔壁房间捶击的声音。 • Can you hold this mail in position while I hammer it into the door? • 我往门里钉钉子的时候，你帮我把钉子摁住，好吗？ • 2).[c] 锤子，榔头 • e.g. To sound the fire alarm, break the glass with the hammer. • 发火警警报时就用锤子把玻璃敲碎。 • Hammers are used for hitting nails into wood. • 锤子用来把钉子敲进木头里。

2.On September 7, 1940, nearly four hundred German bombers hammered the city with bombs in broad daylight. Marshal Goering boasted, "This is the historic hour when our air force for the first time delivered its bombs right into the enemy's heart." historic: /his5tCrik/ adj.历史上有名的或重要的 e.g. In a historic vote, the Church of England decided to allow women to become leaders. 英国国教会在一项具有历史意义的表决中决定允许妇女成为领袖。 More money is needed for the upkeep of the historic buildings. 历史性建筑的保存需要更多的资金投入。

historic与historical词义比较： historic 和historical 都有“历史”的意思，但historical只表示过去确实存在过或发生过，e.g. It’s a historical fact那时历史事实。historic则表示被认为在历史上非常重要的，或有历史意义的，Today is a historic day.今天是个具有重要历史意义的日子。因此同一历史事件可说是一起historical event因为它确实发生过，也可说是一起historic event如果该事件具有历史意义的话。 • 常见搭配：a historic event/speech/place历史上著名的事件/演说/地方 • Historical event/person/novel/play/studies历史事件/人物/小说/剧/研究

3.Radar sirens wailed, ambulances rushed from one place of agony to another, and fire fighters faced the flames hour after hour.(para.7 ) • agony:/ 5A^Eni/ [U,C] 极大的痛苦 • e.g. The people who had been hurt in the bomb explosion lay wailing in agony. • 在炸弹爆炸中受伤的人们躺在那里，痛苦地嚎啕着。 • She was in agony trying to make a decision. • 她在努力着做出决定，内心十分痛苦。

4. …with the crash of bombs all around them and planes spitting fire in the skies above(para.8) • crash:/ krAF/ 1) n. [c] (usu. Sing.)坠落（声），打击或破裂（所发出的响声） e.g. His words were drowned in a crash of thunder 他的话被一声雷响所淹没 The flower bottle landed on the floor with a crash. 花瓶砰的一声掉在了地板上

make a sudden loud noise发出巨响 e.g. Without warning, the door crashed open. 门哗啦一声开了，之前什么也没觉察到 2 have an accident, esp. one which damages a vehicle（使）猛撞，（使）撞毁 e.g. The plane crashed into the mountainside. 飞机坠毁在山坡上。 Her brother borrowed her motorbike and crashed it. 她弟弟借了她的摩托车，却把它撞坏了

spit : /spit/ 1) n. [u ]口水，唾液 e.g. She used a little spit on a cloth to wipe the mirror clean. 她在布上吐上了一点唾沫来擦净镜子　 2) v. 吐（痰）；吐（口水等） e. g. He was spitting blood after being hit in the mouth. 他嘴部挨打后吐出了鲜血。 In many countries it is considered rude to spit in public. 在许多国家当众吐痰被认为是粗鲁无礼的行为 The boys were competing to see how far they could spit. 男孩们在比赛谁的唾沫吐得远。

5.Buses bumped along the streets.(para.9) • bump: /bQmp/ v.(1) travel, usu. In a vehicle, in an uncomfortable way because the surface one is moving over is rough颠簸而行 e.g. We bumped along the track in our car holding on to our seats. 我们尽力坐稳在车中的位子上，沿着小路颠簸而行。 (2) hit (sth.) with force, esp. accidentally碰撞 e.g. When he was parking his car he bumped the car in front of him 他在停车时撞上了前面的车。 [c ] a blow, knock or hit碰撞 e.g. She got a bump on the head when she fell off her bicycle, but thankfully she wasn’t hurt. 她从自行车上摔下来时头被撞了一下，索性没有受伤。

6.Murrow knew that Britain's fate depended upon the resolution of the people in the shops and streets,(para.11) • resolution: / 7rezE5lju:FEn/ n. [u ]the quality of being firm坚决，坚定，决心 e.g. His speech ended on a note of resolution. 他用铿锵有力的话语结束了演讲。 He showed great resolution in facing the robbers 他面对强盗显得非常刚毅。 [u ] solution解决，解答 e.g. Your information has made the resolution of this problem possible. 你所提供的信息已使这个问题的解决成为可能。 We need quick resolution of this conflict. 我们需要很快解决这一争端。

7.The pilots in the RAF reached the limits of exhaustion and then went beyond those limits, still fighting.(para12.) • Meaning: 这些皇家空军的飞行员已经到了疲劳的极限，却还在超越极限地极限地继续战斗。 • exhaust:/i^5zC:st/ vt. 1) make (a person or an animal) very tired 使疲惫不堪 e.g. The long cycle ride exhausted her. 长途骑自行车使她疲惫不堪。 2) use (sth.) up completely.用尽，耗尽 e.g. His bad behavior nearly exhausted her patience. 他的不良行为几乎使她失去了耐心。 n . [u] total loss of strength筋疲力尽，疲惫 e.g. She felt ill with exhaustion. 她因过度劳累而感到身体不适 They were in a state of exhaustion after climbing the mountain. 他们爬山以后浑身筋疲力尽。

8. and that whichever political system best provides for the defense and decency of the little man will win." (para 14) • meaning: “… any political system which can develop the best method to ensure the defence and decency of ordinary people will the war.” 能最好地保护平民百姓并保持其尊严的政治体制将赢得胜利。 • whichever: 无论哪一个，无论，不管 e.g. Whichever one you want is yours. 你想要哪个就给你那个 • decent /5di:snt/ a. socially acceptable or good.适当的，得体的，正派的 e.g. Everyone should have the right to a decent wage and decent home 人人都有权得到体面地工资和拥有一个美好的家庭。 decency [u] n. being decent正派，合宜，体面，得体 e.g. His sense of decency and fair play made him refuse the offer. 他的正直感和公平竞争意识使他拒绝了这个提议。

V. Writing Skill -- using some specific details to support a general statement

Task: Write down a paragraph which starts with a general statement that is supported by specific details. You may choose one of the following topics. a. General statement : London wouldn’t surrender b. General statement: Britain drain becomes a big problem for the country

General detail:London would not surrender Referent specific details: • People, in the front lines; • Put out endless fires, heavy bombing; • Dig in cellars, rescue their friends, be buried, underneath wreckage; • Prepare ,fight on ,with every possible means, until, the last english-man ,die, or, the invaders, drive off ….

Sample LondonWould Not Surrender London would not surrender. All the people of London were in the front lines. They had to put out endless fires from the heavy bombing. They had to dig quickly in cellars to rescue their friends who had been buried underneath the wreckage. London people prepared to fight on with every means possible until the last Englishman died or the invaders were driven off.

VI.Exercises 1.Translate part of the sentences with “as though” 2.Rewrite each of the sentences using “whichever ”. 3.Story summary.

1.Translate part of the sentences with “as though” Model: The fires were brought under control. Bottles of dairy milk arrived in doorways, and women took them in, as though the war were a thousand miles away.

More practice (1) Mike seemed very proud of himself as though__________(只有他得了90分以上). as though he were the only person who scored over 90 . (2) Mary left the old house in a hurry, looking frightened, as though___(她在那儿见了鬼) as though she had seen a ghost there.

2.Rewrite each of the short sentences with a short adverbial clause. Models: (1) You can take any of the seats (which) you like. You can take whichever seat you like. (2) Choose any one of the toys (which) you like best Choose whichever toy you like best.

More practice (1) You should wear the dress which suits you best for the evening party. You should wear whichever dress… (2) All my books are here. You may borrow any one of them which you like. …You may borrow whichever one you like..

3.Story summary cloze

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New Horizon College English Book Ⅱ