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Obesity

More of the world population now overweight than underweight 32% of Americans obese 58% of women in Johannesburg classified as ‘overweight’ Complications include High blood pressure Diabetes Stroke Cancer Heart attack Arthritis Sleep apnoea Thrombosis Gall stones. Obesity.

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Obesity

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  1. More of the world population now overweight than underweight 32% of Americans obese 58% of women in Johannesburg classified as ‘overweight’ Complications include High blood pressure Diabetes Stroke Cancer Heart attack Arthritis Sleep apnoea Thrombosis Gall stones Obesity

  2. Starts in Children

  3. Increasing Prevalence of Overweight Children >85th percentile for Body Mass Index >95th percentile for Body Mass Index Source: U.S. Centers for Disease Control; Ogden, et al, JAMA, 2002

  4. Metabolic Syndrome: • A.K.A. –“Deadly Quartet” • Hypertension • Dyslipidaemia • Obesity • Diabetes

  5. Android Morphotype (Apple shape) Overweight if… Waist Hip Ratio is: > 0,80 for women > 0,95 for men

  6. Gynoid Morphotype (Pear shape) Overweight if… Waist Circumference is: Women > 88cm Men > 102 cm

  7. Who are the populations at risk?

  8. Trends in obesity for women, aged 20-74 years

  9. Trends in obesity for men, aged 20-74 years

  10. Trends in overweight for adolescents, 12-19 years

  11. Trends in overweight for children, 6-11 years

  12. Trends in overweight for children, 2-5 years

  13. Trends in overweight for children, 6-23 months

  14. Risk Factors for Obesity and Chronic Disease • Socioeconomic Status • Ethnicity • Parental Obesity • Critical development periods • Birth - Low Birth Weight • 5-9 years (adiposity rebound) • Puberty (12-15 years of age) • Formula versus Breastfeeding • Poor Nutrition - Food Preferences • Sedentary Behaviours

  15. As children mature, their weight condition is a stronger predictor of adult obesity. 100% 80% of overweight 12 year olds will become obese adults. 50% 0% Age 6 Age 12 Age 21 Parent’s Weight Years Child’s Weight

  16. Parental Obesity • If both parents are non-obese the child has only a 7% chance of developing obesity. • If one parent is obese the risk of developing obesity is increased to 40%. • If both parents are obese the risk for developing obesity doubles to 80%. Whitaker, et al, NEJM, 1997

  17. Overweight Families • Girls of parents with high dietary intake and low physical activity had significantly greater increases in weight status. • Family environment may explain increased weight status in children over and above genetic susceptibility. Davison and Birch, Int’l J of Ob 2002

  18. GENETICS PERMITS OBESITY.ENVIRONMENT CAUSES OBESITY. Hill & Dietz

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