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Introduction to Cells: The Essence of Life in Biology

Explore the fundamentals of life through the study of cells, the basic units of structure and function in living organisms. Learn about the levels of organization, cell theory, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and the specialized functions of different cell types. Delve into the fascinating world of biology and discover what it truly means to be living.

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Introduction to Cells: The Essence of Life in Biology

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  1. Intro to Cells Chapter 7 Pages 168-193

  2. Biology is the study of life SO ……what does it mean to be living? Mrs. Brown Rocks!

  3. To be living an organism must…... • Be based on a universal genetic code • Grow and develop • Be able to reproduce *Sexually *Asexually • Use materials and energy- metabolism • Be able to respond to their environment *Stimulus Response • Maintain stable internal environment- homeostasis • Change over time, as a group- evolution • Made of units called cells

  4. Cells in organisms are specialized to perform different tasks. Muscle Blood NOT Skin Brain

  5. Levels of Organization Cell Tissue Organ Organ System Organism

  6. Levels of Organization Atom Element Molecule Compound Cell • Basic units of life; perform special jobs Tissue • Similar cells function together Organ • Different tissues • function together Organ System • Different organs function • together Organism

  7. Cell Theory Matthias Schleiden all plants are made of cells Theodore Schwann all animals are made of cells Rudolf Virchow all cells came from pre-existing cells Cell Theory

  8. Animal Cell Plant Cell • All living things are composed of cells • Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things • New cells are produced from existing cells

  9. PROKARYOTE No nucleus No membrane-bound organelles Small ribosomes Most cells are 1 -10 μm in size Evolved 3.5 billion years ago Found only in Archaebacteria and Eubacteria Kingdoms EUKARYOTE Has nucleus Many organelles Larger ribosomes Cells can be between 2 - 1,000 μm in size Evolved 1.5 billion years ago Includes Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia Kingdoms Cell Types

  10. Cell Type: Prokaryotes • Prokaryotes, which includes all bacteria, are the simplest cellular organisms. They have genetic material but no nucleus. Typical bacteria cell

  11. Cell Types: Eukaryotes • Eukaryotic cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus and numerous membrane -enclosed organelles (e.g., mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus) not found in prokaryotes.

  12. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have some things in common. All cells have cell membrane cytoplasm ribosomes genetic material nuclear material cell membrane ribosomes cytoplasm What Are the Parts of Cells

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