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What is Ecology?

What is Ecology?. Interactions between organisms & environment Interdisciplinary: chemistry, physics, geology, math. Statistical model of roads built in tropical rainforest by the year 2060. Where does life exist?. Geologic regions Atmosphere – layer of gases

adrienne-roderick
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What is Ecology?

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  1. What is Ecology? • Interactions between organisms & environment • Interdisciplinary: chemistry, physics, geology, math Statistical model of roads built in tropical rainforest by the year 2060

  2. Where does life exist? • Geologic regions • Atmosphere – layer of gases • Lithosphere – land partof Earth (rock, soil, sand) • Hydrosphere – all Earth’s water

  3. Biosphere • All the spheres • Portion of Earth that supports life How much of the Earth do you think this region takes up?

  4. 2 types of factors influence organism’s environment • Abiotic – nonliving elements (rain, wind, soil, temperature) • Biotic – living factors

  5. Ecological Organization

  6. Organism – has all characteristics of life • Population – group of organisms living together at same time; reproduce

  7. Community – several populations in same area at same time • Ecosystem – interactions between populations in a community & abioticelements in their surroundings • Habitats • Niches • Species interactions

  8. Niche & Habitat • Habitat –where organism lives out its life • Includes abiotic & biotic factors • Not static • Niche – organism’s role & location in its environment to meet unique needs • How organism: • Obtains food • Finds shelter • Reproduces • Reduces competition

  9. Influences on Ecosystems Can you think of any examples of things that might influence a habitat? • Natural & human causes

  10. Examples Natural Disasters: a) Hurricane Katrina, 2005 Before After

  11. b) Volcanic Eruptions: Mount St. Helens, Washington State May, 1980 Before After

  12. c) Weather patterns: Regular & extreme weather conditions

  13. Predator-prey Relationships • One organism seeksanother for food • Maintains balance • Prey species may benefit(↓ competition, ↑ food) • Predator Strategies • Ambush • Camouflage

  14. Prey Strategies • 1. Defense • Quick escape • Predatordetection Nebraskan cockroach Meerkat keeping watch

  15. Protective shells, bark, spines • Camouflage Red-eared slider Porcupine Stick bug

  16. 2. Chemical warfare – poisons, odors, irritants, unpleasant taste **Organisms using this strategy often have bright, warning colors 3. Behavior – mimicry, group size Skunk Monarch Viceroy

  17. Symbiotic Relationships(close association) 3 types: 1. Parasitism – feeds on and lives on/in host; ( +, - ) White-tailed deer - host Deer tick - parasite

  18. 2. Mutualism – ( +, + ) • Pollination • Food supply • Protection Clownfish and Sea Anemone Rhinoceros and Horn-billed Puffin/Rhinoceros Auklet

  19. 3. Commensalism –( +, o ) Grey whale and Barnacles

  20. Competition

  21. Intraspecific – between members of same species • Fight for same resources • Habitat • Nutrients • Water • Soil • Abundant resources = sharing

  22. Example: Blue satin bower bird

  23. Number of individuals Species 1 Species 2 Region of niche overlap Resource use Number of individuals Species 1 Species 2 Resource use • Interspecific –between members of different species

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