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Vertebrate Characteristics

Vertebrate Characteristics . Kingdom Animalia; Phylum Chordata; Subphylum Vertebrata. Chordata Characteristics. Dorsal hollow nerve cord Notochord (“back cord”) Pharyngeal gill slits/arches +/- postanal tail. Subphylum Vertebrata. 500 million years ago; Ordovician Period

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Vertebrate Characteristics

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  1. Vertebrate Characteristics Kingdom Animalia; Phylum Chordata; Subphylum Vertebrata

  2. Chordata Characteristics • Dorsal hollow nerve cord • Notochord (“back cord”) • Pharyngeal gill slits/arches • +/- postanal tail

  3. Subphylum Vertebrata • 500 million years ago; Ordovician Period • About 50,000 species known

  4. Geologic PeriodsPALEOZOIC ERA • Cambrian Period 600 mya • appearance of all major invertebrate phyla  • Ordovician Period 500 • appearance of vertebrates (ostracoderms) • Silurian Period 440 • archaic fishes 

  5. -Devonian Period 410 • age of fishes; first amphibians • -Carboniferous Period 360 • amphibians dominant; first reptiles • -Permian Period 290 • primitive reptiles, decline of early amphibians

  6. MESOZOIC ERA (age of reptiles; 185 million yrs. duration) -Triassic Period 245 first dinosaurs, turtles, mammals -Jurassic Period 210 reptiles dominant; first birds; arc. mammals -Cretaceous Period 145 extinction large reptiles

  7. CENOZOIC ERA • (age of mammals; 65 million yrs. duration)

  8. Key Points • From the Geologic Periods page, name 3 of the most important dates & events

  9. Origins of Vertebrates • Prochordate, such as Amphioxus • Compare to Ammocoete larvae

  10. Amphioxus Larval agnathan - Ammocoetes

  11. Vertebrate Characteristics

  12. SUPERCLASS AGNATHA • Ostracoderms

  13. SUPERCLASS AGNATHA • Cyclostomes

  14. Agnatha

  15. Lampreys & Hagfishes or Slime Eels

  16. SUPERCLASS GNATHOSTOMATA • Class Acanthodii

  17. Class Placodermi

  18. Class Chondrichthyes • Cartilaginous fish

  19. (Chondrichthyes)Subclass Elasmobranchii

  20. Class ChondrichthyesSubclass Elasmobranchii

  21. Class ChondrichthyesSubclass Holocephali

  22. Bony Fish • Osteichthyes • Greatest number of species of vertebrates

  23. Class Actinopterygii • Ray-finned fish • Operculum • Bony skeleton • Terminal mouth • Swim bladder in most

  24. Subclass Chondrostei - paddlefish

  25. Subclass Chondrostei - sturgeon

  26. Subclass NeopterygiiOrder Holostei (gar)

  27. Subclass Neopterygiiorder Holostei - bowfin

  28. Subclass Neopterygiidivision Teleostei

  29. “perfect” bone • 95% of all fish • Modern cycloid or ctenoid scales

  30. Class Sarcopterygii • Fleshy finned fish

  31. Class SarcopterygiiSuperorder Dipnoi

  32. Class SarcopterygiiSuperorder Crossopterygii

  33. Latimeria = Coelocanth

  34. Transition from water to land

  35. Class Amphibia • Both life • Fewest numbers of species • Terrestrial life changes • More oxygen in atmosphere than water • Air less dense than water for body support • More temperature fluctuations

  36. Class AmphibiaSubclass Labyrinthodontia • OLDEST TETRAPOD, about 350 mya • Crossopterygian features such as dermal scales, ray-fin tail, skull and sensory structures fish-like • GAVE RISE TO REPTILES

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