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HCOM 301 Ways of Knowing

HCOM 301 Ways of Knowing. Closure thru Summary. Course Web Site. HCOM 301 MLO 4 Philosophical Analysis.

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HCOM 301 Ways of Knowing

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  1. HCOM 301Ways of Knowing Closure thru Summary

  2. Course Web Site

  3. HCOM 301 MLO 4 Philosophical Analysis Philosophical analysis enables us to understand and assess human ways of knowing, being, and valuing. Our assumptions and beliefs about what counts as knowledge, the nature and purposes of life, right and wrong, good and bad profoundly affect how we choose to live our lives. Philosophical analysis provides the tools to identify, understand, and evaluate these assumptions and beliefs. The Big Picture

  4. Core Fields Ontology Epistemology Ethics Aesthetics Logic Applied Fields Phil of Education Phil of Medicine Phil of Art Phil of Business Phil of Politics Cultural Studies Etc. 301 = Intro to Philosophy

  5. How should we treat the environment? Basic Human Questions Is there a god? Is war good or evil? Do humans have rights? What is the purpose of life? What is happiness? Where do humans come from? Is science more important than faith? Is social harmony better than freedom? What is justice? Can we communicate with spirits?

  6. HCOM 301 Early Global Philosophies

  7. OntologyWhat really Exists? black holes chair

  8. A Challenging Ontological ExerciseCreating Categories of Like Things

  9. The field of philosophy offers many different theories or points of view on the nature of these categories of reality, and on the relationships between them.

  10. Ontological Theories • Naturalism: Only Physical Matter • Idealism: Only Mental Constructs • Spiritualism: Integrated Physical/Mental/Spiritual Whole • Skepticism: We Can’t Really Know • Existentialism: Whatever Each Individual Thinks It Is

  11. What is knowledge? How do we acquire knowledge? What serves as evidence or justification that something is true? Epistemology Religious Faith Rationalism Occultism Intuition Spiritualism Expertism Empiricism Consensus

  12. Knowledge is Things you believe that you can justify that are true Statements that you believe that you can justify within some system of justification to the satisfaction of most people who operate within that system.

  13. Epistemological Theories • Rationalismjustifies claims by offering clear, logical, and persuasive reasoning. • Empiricismjustifies claims by citing sensory experience, life experience, or scientific evidence. • Religious Faithjustifies claims by citing revelation, special teachers, important texts, or insights from personal prayer or meditation. • Occultismjustifies claims by citing lessons or insights gained from some type of supernatural force or agency. • Mysticismjustifies claims by citing realizations derived from deep or transcendental meditation.

  14. Other Common Epistemologies • Intuition(immediate knowledge) justifies claims by pointing to deep feelings or emotions or to ‘common sense’. • Expertismjustifies claims by simply citing and accepting the opinion of some authority or expert as sufficient in itself. • Social Consensusjustifies claims by citing public opinion or social group opinion as sufficient in itself.

  15. Morality & Ethics • Concerned with “right” and “wrong” behavior • How should people behave?

  16. Three Branches ofEthics

  17. The “sense of morality”is built into the human brain The human brain has the built-in capacity … • to laugh and cry • to use language • to make music and art • to imagine • to remember • to intuit • to moralize (Conscience)

  18. Does it matter? Option I Option II Just do what you think or feel is right when a decision or dilemma presents itself. Develop a considered and conscious ethical code to live by.

  19. Feed the hungry, clothe the naked, comfort the sick….Who are we talking about?

  20. How Far DoEthical Responsibilities Reach? • Eco-Ethics • Vitalism • Animism • Humanism • Nationalism • Tribalism

  21. Who Should be Bound by an Ethical Code?

  22. Types of Ethical Reasoning • The Pleasure/Pain Principle • Conformity with Social Norms • Normative Ethics • Consequentialist Ethics • Duty Ethics • Virtue Ethics

  23. Alternative Approaches to Ethical Reasoning Summary • Pleasure Principle What will give me the greatest pleasure? • Conformity to Social Norms How does society expect me to act? How do those around me behave? • Consequentialist Ethics What behavior will lead to the best results or consequences? • Duty Ethics What do the laws or teachings command me to do? • Virtue Ethics How would I best apply my virtues in this situation?

  24. We then explored someApplied Philosophy Ideology (Political Philosophy) Worldviews (Cultural Studies)

  25. Political IdeologyAn Example of Applied Philosophy

  26. Worldviews Epistemology Ontology How One Views the World Ethics Culture Values

  27. Western Worldview

  28. Indigenous Worldview LaDonna Harris • Relationship (Kinship Obligation) • Responsibility (Community Obligation) • Reciprocity (Cyclical Obligation) • Redistribution (Sharing Obligation)

  29. Western and Islamic Perspectives UN’s Human Rights Islamic Human Rights

  30. The Worldview Project • Form a 4 or 5-person team • Select a group to explore • Conduct research • Prepare a multimedia PowerPoint presentation • Deliver the presentation to the class

  31. HCOM 301Ways of Knowing So, what’s the takeaway? What did we learn?

  32. Assessment Deliverables • Active Engagement • Homework Prep. • Ontology Paper • Epistemology Paper • Ethics Analysis • Worldview Presentation

  33. A Sample Student • Active Engagement B • Homework Prep B+ • Ontology Paper A • Epistemology Paper B- • Ethics Analysis C • Worldview Presentation A- 3.00 3.33 4.00 2.67 2.00 3.67 x .20 = .60 x .15 = .50 x .05 = .20 x .20 = .53 x .20 = .40 x .20 = .73 Course Grade = B 2.96

  34. Thanks ! I have genuinely enjoyed our time together! Joe

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