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Agnieszka Wypych, Katarzyna Piotrowicz Institute of Geography and Spatial Management

Air humidity in Cracow (Poland) in the period 1863-2007 – daily data quality control and homogenization methods. Agnieszka Wypych, Katarzyna Piotrowicz Institute of Geography and Spatial Management Jagiellonian University. AIR HUMIDITY – DATA QUALITY CONTROL. Krakow - location.

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Agnieszka Wypych, Katarzyna Piotrowicz Institute of Geography and Spatial Management

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  1. Air humidity in Cracow (Poland) in the period 1863-2007 – daily data quality control and homogenization methods Agnieszka Wypych, Katarzyna Piotrowicz Institute of Geography and Spatial Management Jagiellonian University

  2. AIR HUMIDITY – DATA QUALITY CONTROL Krakow - location Krakow lies in the southern part of Poland on the Vistula River in a valley at the foot of the Carpathian Plateau, 219 meters above sea level. The city covers an area of 327 sq meters. Neighbourhood of Krakow with the Wieliczka Foothils and the Krakow Upland, located 200-250 metres higher, results in modification of many climate features within the town area.

  3. AIR HUMIDITY – DATA QUALITY CONTROL The station was established as early as in 1792 by Jan Sniadecki as partof theAstronomical Observatory The Sniadecki Collegium

  4. AIR HUMIDITY – DATA QUALITY CONTROL The Historical Station is located 12m a.g.l. (NNW)

  5. AIR HUMIDITY – DATA QUALITY CONTROL Krakow – city developement Since 1826 meteorological measurements have been conducted: 1. Permanently in the same place 2. With nearly unchanged surroundings before 1792 in 1792 in 1915 in 1941 in 1951 in 1973 in 1986

  6. AIR HUMIDITY – DATA QUALITY CONTROL 1847

  7. AIR HUMIDITY – DATA QUALITY CONTROL 2007

  8. AIR HUMIDITY – DATA QUALITY CONTROL Since 1826 meteorological measurements have been conducted: 3. According to contemporary meteorological Instructions The hours of observation and methods of calculating the mean daily air temperature in Krakow

  9. AIR HUMIDITY – DATA QUALITY CONTROL The only measurement series to have undergone homogeneity testing thus far are series of air temperature,atmospheric pressure and precipitation. Fluctuation of climate in Krakow (1792-1995) Secular change of climate on the basis of the Krakow meteorological series … Janina Trepińska (ed.)

  10. AIR HUMIDITY – DATA QUALITY CONTROL Air humidity measurements have begun 20 May 1792 (19 May 1792) Higrometer - XIX century Saussure Higrometer

  11. AIR HUMIDITY – DATA QUALITY CONTROL Psychrometric measurements - 1834 Permanent data - December 1862 1863 – 2007 (144 years) The homogeneity of air humidity parameters has not been investigated, mainly due to the methodical difficulties related to the analysis of numerical material.

  12. AIR HUMIDITY – DATA QUALITY CONTROL RESEARCH PURPOSE Examine the quality of Cracow’s air humidity measurementseries. DATA Daily values of selected air humidity parameters calculated on the basis ofpsychometric measurements (1863-2007) – morning, noon, evening observation time METHODS • Psychrometric measurements values quality • Air humidity parameters calculating methods • Series homogeneization

  13. AIR HUMIDITY – DATA QUALITY CONTROL A comparison of air temperature (T), whose homogeneity has previously been checked, with the appropriate readings of a wet bulb thermometer (T’). • Air humidity measurements - methodical difficulties • psychrometer localisation: distance from vegetation, water reservoirs • wet-bulb thermometer moisteing • wind speed (ventilation) Temperature measurements – different thermal scales (recalculated) The missing data concerning the state of the cambric during the measurements - water/ice (completed)

  14. AIR HUMIDITY – DATA QUALITY CONTROL Cambric state during the measurements - water/ice Psychrometric formulas (-10oC) – (+8oC) Statistics (1971-2000) Frequency of ice/water cambic state (Krakow 1971-2000)

  15. AIR HUMIDITY – DATA QUALITY CONTROL Statistics (1863-1900) Error range (%) Difference (%) between relative air humidity values counted using „ice formulas” and „water formulas” (-5ŁtŁ5)

  16. AIR HUMIDITY – DATA QUALITY CONTROL Cambric state during the measurements - water/ice Psychrometric formulas (-10oC) – (+8oC) Missing data Statistics (1863-1900)(1971-2000) t<-3oC - ice -3oC<t<-2oC – ice (t’<-2oC) (-5oC) – (+5oC) -1,9oC<t<1,9oC compared with weather conditions t>2oC - water

  17. AIR HUMIDITY – DATA QUALITY CONTROL Values of air humidity parameters - psychrometric models, identical for the entire series Psychrometric formulas modyfied: G. Magnus (1844); M. Robitzsch (1928); O. Tatens (1930) water ice

  18. AIR HUMIDITY – DATA QUALITY CONTROL Extreme cases, which gave rise to doubts – compared with the records about the state of the atmosphere: - circulation conditions, - the occurrence of foehn - atmospheric phenomena

  19. AIR HUMIDITY – DATA QUALITY CONTROL Air humidity values – no visible inhomogeneity (modified form of SNHT Alexandersson) The controversial values - further verification Corrections of numerical data - not performed Homogeneity test CONCLUSION The content of air vapour in the air is a result of the interaction of numerous factors and processes, which need to be taken into account before correcting the values. In light of the lack other objective possibilities of verification of air humidity in Krakow, the analysed data were considered as relatively homogeneous.

  20. AIR HUMIDITY – DATA QUALITY CONTROL Long term course of the relative air humidity (f%) in Krakow (1863-2007)

  21. AIR HUMIDITY – DATA QUALITY CONTROL Long term course of the number of very wet (fł86%) and dry (fŁ55%) days in Krakow (1863-2007)

  22. Thank you for your attention

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