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World War I: The Great Conflict of Nations

Explore the causes, key events, and impact of WWI, from the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand to the Armistice ending the war. Discover how the U.S. shifted from neutrality to active involvement and the consequences of the conflict on a global scale.

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World War I: The Great Conflict of Nations

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  1. World War I

  2. Central Powers: Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire Allied Powers: France, Great Britain, Russia (to 1917)

  3. 4 Major Causes of War • Imperialism • Entangling Alliances • Militarism • Nationalism • fervent patriotism • independence movements

  4. The Spark • Emperor Franz-Joseph • Archduke Franz-Ferdinand (Austria-Hungary) assassination by Serbian nationalists of the BLACK HAND

  5. Trench Warfare • Industrial War • first military use • telephone • automobile • airplane

  6. Stalemate By 1915, 4,000,000 soldiers in the trenches b

  7. How did the United States get involved in Europe’s war?

  8. President Wilson declares NEUTRALITY

  9. Economic Boon for the US. • Munitions, food, soldier’s supplies, money • Increase in Trade 1914-1916 • Britain 257% • France 393% • Italy 363% • Germany .08%

  10. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare to combat British naval blockade

  11. Lusitania • Lusitania -- British passenger liner

  12. Struck by a German torpedo • 1200 of 2,000 die • 128 Americans • secretly carrying war materials

  13. U.S. Response • Wilson continues policy of neutrality • Germany apologizes • after further attacks, agrees to refrain from no-warning attacks • Wilson is re-elected on the slogan: “He kept us out of war.” (600,000 votes-1916)

  14. Zimmerman Telegraph • German Foreign Secretary Arthur Von Zimmerman to German ambassador to Mexico • ask Mexico to join Central powers • help them regain land • renew unrestricted submarine warfare

  15. and German U-boats Sink 3 American Ships • Wilson asks Congress for Declaration of War – April 2, 1917 • “neutrality is no longer feasible…” • “The world must be made safe for democracy” • “we shall fight for the [idea] which we have always carried close to our hearts—democracy”

  16. Opposition to the War • Many women • Jeanette Rankin (1st woman rep. in Congress) • “You can no more win a war than you can win an earthquake.” • Quakers • Socialists • Opponents of big business • “command of gold” • profiteering

  17. Mobilization • The Draft – 9 million registered • 3 million • Volunteers – 2 million • Increased production • fuel, ships, weapons, food • governing boards • Propaganda Campaigns • CPI (Committee on Public Information) • George Creed • “4-Minute Men”

  18. The Suppression of Dissent • Espionage Act 1917 • Sedition Act 1918 • 2,000 prosecutions • including Eugene Debs (10 years) • Public persecution of Germans

  19. Western Front • AEF American Expeditionary Force • General John “Black Jack” Pershing • Major American engagements • Chateau Thierry • Meuse-Argonne

  20. End of the War • Kaiser abdicates Nov. 9 • Armistice signed Nov. 11 @ 11 a.m.

  21. 10 million soldiers killed/20 million wounded • 10 million civilian deaths • 110,000 American deaths • Estimated cost: $185 billion

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