E valuation, M easurement and V erification (EM&V) of Energy Efficiency Programs 能效计划的评估，计量和验证 (EM&V)

Evaluation, Measurement and Verification (EM&V) of Energy Efficiency Programs能效计划的评估，计量和验证 (EM&V) Steve Kromer, P.E. Consultant /EVO Board Member 顾问/EVO董事会成员 Beijing, China 中国北京 February 26-27, 2009

EM&V Topics内容 • Introduction • Evaluation of Energy Efficiency Programs • Measurement and Verification of Energy Efficiency Projects • Procedures, Principals and Methods • Evaluation Management and Planning 介绍能效计划的评估能效项目的测量和验证步骤，要点和方法评估管理和规划

1. 介绍 1. Introduction • 为什么评估是重要的? • 评估作为计划周期的一部分 • 计划与项目的比较 • 进行评估所需机构 • Why is evaluation important? • Evaluation as part of the Program Cycle • Programs versus projects • Institutions Required to Perform Evaluation

Why Evaluate Efficiency Programs为什么评估能效系统 “Things that are measured tend to improve” “事情总是通过测量来改善” Economist John Kenneth Galbraith 经济学家约翰.肯尼斯.高伯瑞 EVO Evaluation - Nanjing

How do we increase performance?我们如何提高性能 • Athletes 运动员 • Set goals 设定目标 • Develop training plans 设计培训计划 • Track progress 跟踪过程 • Compete! 比赛 Evaluation

Example – Cycling Training Program举例-自行车培训计划 Heart rate 心率 Power 能力 Evaluation

Energy Investment Decisions 能源投资决策Investment in Supply Side供电侧投资 Investment 投资 • What Information is needed to support Supply-Side • 供电侧需要什么信息？ • Investment decisions ? 投资决策？ • Implementation ? 执行？ • Settlement ? 结算？ Supply-Side 供电侧 Demand-Side 需求侧 Generation 发电 Transmission 输电 Distribution 配电 Efficiency 效率 Demand Response 需求响应

Efficiency Investment Decisions 能效投资决策Information Needs 信息需求 Investment 投资 • What Information is needed to support Demand-Side • 需求侧需要什么信息？ • Investment decisions ? 投资决策？ • Implementation ? 执行？ • Settlement ? 结算？ • Lighting 照明 • Boilers 锅炉 • Plant Improvements • 工厂改进 • Controls 控制 • High Efficiency Motors • 高效电机 Supply-Side 供电侧 Demand-Side 需求侧 Generation 发电 Transmission 输电 Distribution 配电 Efficiency 效率 Demand Response 需求响应

Balancing Investment in Supply and Demand供电侧和需求侧的投资平衡 Investment 投资 • Lighting 照明 • Boilers 锅炉 • Plant Improvements 工厂改进 • Controls 控制 • High Efficiency Motors 高效电机 Supply-Side 供电侧 Demand-Side 需求侧 Generation 发电 Transmission 输电 Distribution 配电 Efficiency 效率 Demand Response 需求响应

EXAMPLE: California 2009-2011 Energy Efficiency Programs举例：加利福尼亚 2009-2011能效计划 Utility Investment 公用事业投资 $4 Billion US 40亿美元 • Lighting 照明 • Boilers 锅炉 • Plant Improvements • 工厂改进 • Controls 控制 • High Efficiency Motors • 高效电机 EM&V Protocols Based on: EM&V 协议基于： IPMVP Supply-Side 供电侧 Demand-Side 需求侧 Generation 发电 Transmission 输电 Distribution 配电 Efficiency 效率 Demand Response 需求响应

EXAMPLE: California2006-2008 Energy Efficiency Portfolio举例：加利福尼亚 2006-2008能效投资计划 Evaluation Best Practice 评估最佳实践 • Applies Standard Protocols 采用标准协议 • EM&V Budget = ~$100 Million EM&V预算：1亿美元 • Thousands of Projects Measured 检测了数千项目 Supply-Side Demand-Side 需求侧 Generation 发电 Transmission 输电 Distribution 配电 Efficiency 效率 Demand Response 需求响应

Evaluation Objectives 评估目标 • 主要目标 • 记录和测量一个项目的影响，并确定一个能效计划是如何达到其目标 • 帮助理解为什么发生这些影响，并确定如何改进当前和今后的项目 • 其他目标: • 确定项目的绩效 • 记录证明符监管要求 • Primary objectives • Document and measure the effects of a program and determine how well an efficiency program met its goals • Help understand why those effects occurred and identify ways to improve current and future programs • Other objectives: • Determining the cost-effectiveness of a program • Documenting compliance with regulatory requirements

Evaluation is Part of the Program Cycle评估是项目周期的一部分 • Evaluation results are used to make informed decisions on program improvements and future program designs and offerings • The program implementation cycle is one in which programs are designed, then implemented, and then evaluated • Using results of evaluations, programs are re-examined for design changes and then modified • This cycle provides for a continuing process of program improvement • 评估结果用于对计项目改进，未来项目设计和方案作出有见地的决定 • 项目执行周期是包括项目设计，然后执行，再做评估的一个过程 • 使用评估结果，可以对项目进行核查以便开展设计变更和修改 • 这个周期给项目的改进提供了一个连续的过程

Program Evaluation Cycle项目评估周期 Step 1: Program Goal Setting 步骤1：设定项目目标 Setting evaluation goals and reporting expectations 设定评估目标和报告期望值 Step 2: Program Design 步骤2：项目设计 Preliminary evaluation plan and budget 初步评估计划和预算 Step 3: Preparing for Program Launch 步骤3：准备项目启动 Prepare detailed evaluation plan – collect baseline data as needed 准备详细评估计划-收集所需基准数据 Step 4: Program Implementation 步骤4：项目执行 Evaluation data collection, analyses and reporting (perhaps continuing on after program is completed) 评估数据采集，分析和报告（也许在系统完成之后持续进行） Feedback for future programs 反馈给未来项目 Feedback for current program 反馈给当前项目

Evaluation Best Practice评估最佳实践 • 充足的预算为项目预算的5-8% • 适当的监管 • 议定书和专家 (团队）意见 • 机构 • 特点 • 完整和透明 • 均衡风险，可靠性和成本 • 前后一致以保障对各项目和技术进行对比 • Ample budget 5-8% of program budget • Appropriate Governance • Protocols and Community of Expertise • Institutions • Features • Complete and transparent • Balances risk, reliability and costs • Consistent to allow comparison across programs and technologies

Evaluation Institutions评估机构 • DSM Institutional Framework DSM • Section 2 of Manual 2.2.3.8 • 2.4 Measurement and Verification • Responsibility • Contractors • Skilled Professionals • Professional Societies • Certification • 制度框架 • 见手册第2章节2.2.3.8 • 2.4 计量和验证 • 职责 • 承包人 • 专业人士 • 专业协会 • 认证 Evaluation

EM&V FrameworkEM&V 框架 • Institutions – National, Provincial, Cities, Utilities, Consulting Companies • Professional Development • Training • Certification • Documents / Protocols • Tools – Metering – Data • 机构-国家，省，市，公用事业部门，咨询公司 • 专业发展 • 培训 • 认证 • 文件/议定书 • 工具-计量-数据 Evaluation

Programs versus Projects项目与工程 • 一个项目组合是多个项目的集合 • •一个项目是多个相类似工程的组合 • • 一个工程是指一个能效活动 • 评估=> 项目 • 评估一个项目的业绩和质量 • 计量和验证 (M&V) =>工程 • 对各个节能工程进行数据采集，对节能效果进行监测和分析 • A portfolio is a collection of programs • A program is a collection of multiple, similar projects • A project is a single energy efficiency activity • Evaluation => programs • Assess the performance and quality of a program • Measurement and Verification (M&V)=> projects • data collection, monitoring and analysis project

2. Evaluation of Energy Efficiency Programs能效项目的评估 • Program Evaluation Types • Impact -“Total” and “Net” Calculations • Process Evaluation • Market Effects • Getting Credit for Reduced Emissions (GHG) • 项目评估类型 • 影响—“总量”和“净量”计算 • 过程评估 • 市场效应 • 获得减排（GHG）交易配额 EVO Evaluation - Nanjing

Types of Evaluations评估类型 • 影响评估确定: • 能源(kWh)和需求(kW) 的节约量和避免的排放量 • 从一个项目直接获得的其他效益（比如健康效益，增加就业和节约用水） • 还可包括成本效益分析 • 过程评估是评估一个项目已经完成的情况或目前正在执行的进展情况 • 市场效应评估估计由于能源市场的变化，项目对推动未来能效项目的影响程度 • Impact evaluations determine : • Energy (kWh) and Demand (kW) savings and avoided emissions • Other benefits (such as health benefits, job creation, and water savings) that directly result from a program • Can also include cost-effectiveness analyses • Process evaluations assess how well a program was, or is, being implemented • Market effects evaluations estimate a program’s influence on encouraging future energy efficiency projects because of changes in the energy marketplace

Impact Evaluations: Total and Net影响评估：总量和净值 • Total Energy Impact - The change in energy consumption that results directly from actions of participants in the DSM program. • Net Energy Impact - The total change in energy use that occurred because of the DSM program • Total Energy and Net Energy impacts are not usually the same • Net Savings/Total Savings = Net to Total Ratio (NTR) • 总能源影响—是指DSM项目参与者的行动直接产生的能源消费的变化 • 净能源影响—由于实施DSM项目，能源使用方面发生的全部变化 • 总能源和净能源影响通常不是相同的 • 净节能/总节能 =净值与总量的比率(NTR)

Net to Total Ratio净值与总量的比率 • 净能源影响调节能源总量 • 没有该项目时可能产生的节能 • 搭便车 • （降低总节能量） • 项目没有直接影响所产生的节能 • 免费激励推动 • （增加总节能量） • 由于操作改变引起的能源节约或能源增加 • 例如，，一个工厂电机运行时间更长，由于实施某节能措施后系统运行费用降低 • （降低总的节能量） • Net Energy Impacts adjust the Total: • Energy savings that would have occurred without the program • free riders • (reduces total energy savings) • Energy savings that occur without direct influence of program • free drivers • (increases total energy savings) • Energy savings or energy increases due to change in operations • for example, if a factory operates motors more hours because cost of running the system is lower with the measure installed • (reduces total energy savings)

Net Impacts Methods净值影响方法 • 自我报告调查 • 由参与者和非参与者报告调查信息，无独立验证或审查 • 增强的自我报告调查 • 自我报告调查，面谈和独立文件审查和分析 • 计量经济学方法 • 统计模型使用计量经济学分析的调整值和调查输入，比较参与者和非参与者能源/需求模式 • 约定的净值与总量比率 • 基于历史资料 • Self-reporting surveys • Information is reported by participants and non-participants, without independent verification or review. • Enhanced self-reporting surveys • Self-reporting surveys, interviews and independent documentation review and analysis. • Econometric methods • Statistical models compare participant and non-participants energy/demand patterns with adjustments using econometric analyses and survey input. • Stipulated net to total ratio Based on historic information

Process Evaluations过程评估 • 建议由改进意见组成： • 项目结构 • 如何实施项目 • 项目设计 • 项目产出 • 项目目标 • 应当试验最佳实践的应用并考虑消费方的满意度 • 应当协助及时的反馈，对项目做必要的修改或对早期发现的问题进行审核 • Recommendations can consist of suggestions for changing: • Program’s structure • How the program is implemented • Program design • Program delivery • Program goals • Should test for the use of best practices and consider consumer satisfaction • Should assist timely feedback to make program changes as needed or to review early findings.

Process Evaluations are Valuable when: 过程评估有意义的，当： • 项目是新的或已经有很多修改时 • 节能效果低于预期时 • 消费者和其他参与者较少参与项目时 • 项目起动较慢时 • 参与者报告存在问题时 • 项目的成本效益不高时 • The program is new or has many changes • Energy savings are less than expected • There is low participation by consumers and other participants in programs • Program has a slow start-up • Participants are reporting problems • Program appears to not be very cost-effective

Process Evaluation Methods过程评估方法 • 正如影响评估，过程评估需要一个计划 • 过程评估最好由一个独立于项目实施方的机构来进行 • 过程评估所需数据采集来自： • 调查 • 个别访谈 • 集体采访 • 书面调查 • 观察，计量和分析 • As with impact evaluations, process evaluation requires a plan • It is best if the process evaluation is done by a group independent of the program implementation • Process evaluation is done with data collection from: • Surveys: • Individual interviews • Group interviews • Written surveys • Observation, measurement and analyses

Market Effects Evaluation市场效应评估 • Market Effects Study evaluates increases in the adoption of energy efficient products, services in the market. • Market effects evaluations determine whether the market is changing. Example: What types of high efficiency products are generally available, such as CFLs? • Market effects evaluations usually consist of surveys, reviews of market sales data, and analysis of the survey results and collected data. • 市场效应研究评估市场中的采用能效产品和服务是否增加 • 市场效应评估确定是否市场正在发生变化。例如：市场上一般有哪些高能效产品，如紧凑型荧光灯（CFLs）？ • 市场效应评估通常包括市场调查，审查市场销售数据，分析调查结果和分析采集的数据。

Evaluations can be uses to Calculate Avoided (GHG) Emissions评估可用于计算避免的温室气体(GHG) 排放量 • 避免的排放= （净避免的耗能量）x （排放因数） • 需要解决的问题有： • 额外性 • 边界问题 • 需要开发清洁发展机制（CDM）方法 • Avoided Emissions = (Net Avoided Energy Use) x (Emission Factor) • Issues that must be addressed: • Additionality • Boundary Issues • Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) methods required

Greenhouse Gas Reporting温室气体报告 • 公司会计和报告标准。标准，指南和基于互联网的计算工具，帮助企业，监管者和其他机构开发一个组织的温室气体排放目录。 • GHG项目会计和报告议定书。量化温室气体减排项目的要求和指南，例如那些用于抵消减排或在碳交易项目中产生的排放配额。 • 量化电网节电项目温室气体减排的温室气体（GHG）议定书指南以上文件都可以在此找到：http://www.wri.org/climate/ • Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard. Standards, guidance, and web-based calculation tools to help companies, regulators, and others develop an organizational-wide greenhouse gas emissions inventory. • GHG Project Accounting and Reporting Protocol. Requirements and guidance for quantifying reductions from greenhouse gas mitigation projects, for example, those used to offset emissions or to generate credits in trading programs. • GHG Protocol Guidelines for Quantifying GHG Reductions from Grid-Connected Electricity Projects These documents are available at http://www.wri.org/climate/

3. Measurement and Verification of Energy Efficiency Projects能效工程的计量和验证 • Measurement and Verification Documents • The IPMVP - International Performance Measurement & Verification Protocol • IPMVP Options (A,B,C,D) • 计量和验证文件 • IPMVP-国际性能测试和验证协议 • IPMVP选项（A，B，C，D）

Measurement and Verification (M&V)计量和验证 (M&V) • 计量和验证是一个不断进化的研究形式，尽管存在通常的做法 • 这些做法包括在几个指南中，包括： • 国际性能测试和验证协议-IPMVP (2007) • 美国能源管理计划（FEMP） M&V指南：联邦能源项目的测量和验证版本3.0 (2008) • 美国采暖，制冷和空调工程师协会（ASHRAE ）指南 14：能源测量和需求侧节能(2002) • M&V is an evolving form of research, although common practices exist • These practices are documented in several guidelines, including: • The International Performance Measurement & Verification Protocol - IPMVP (2007) • U.S. FEMP M&V Guidelines: Measurement and Verification for Federal Energy Projects Version 3.0 (2008) • ASHRAE Guideline 14: Measurement of Energy and Demand Savings (2002)

Determining the Savings确定节能 Baseline Projection 基准线预测 1,000,000 750,000 kWh 500,000 Baseline Period 基准期 Performance Period 绩效期 250,000 Actual Energy Use 实际能耗

M&V OptionsM&V 选项 Options A and B are retrofit-isolation methods 选项A和B是改造隔离方式 Options C and D are whole-facility methods 选项C和D是整个设施方式 The difference is where the boundary lines are drawn 区别在于边界线的划定

M&V OptionsM&V 选项 The Options differ in their approach to the level, duration, and type of baseline and reporting period measurements. Options A and B measurements are taken at the end-use system level (e.g., lighting, motor system) Option C evaluations are conducted at the whole-building or whole-facility level. Option D evaluations, which involve computer simulation modeling, are also made at the system or the whole-building level. 各选项的区别在于他们所涉及基准的水平，时间和类型以及报告期的测量选项A和B测量是在在终端用能系统层面进行（例如照明，电机系统）选项C评估是在整个建筑物或设施层面进行。选项D评估，包括计算机仿真模型，是用于系统或整个建筑层面。 NRDC – NDRC Capacity Builing, Beijing, China

M&V Options (cont)M&V 选项（续前） 在计量类型方面：选项A- 此方案使用对关键系数既通过计量又按公式的方法，这些系数供用来计算工程模型中的节能量选项B和C-涉及工程模型使用从现场，短期，和/或连续测量中采集的数据（选项B）或回归分析（选项C）。选项D-可能包括现场，短期，或连续测量数据来校准计算机仿真模型。 In terms of type of measurement: Option A - involves using a combination of both stipulations and measurements of the key factors needed to calculate savings in engineering models. Options B - and C involve using data collected from spot, short-term, and/or continuous measurements in engineering models (Option B) or regression analyses (Option C). Option D - may include spot, short-term, or continuous measurement data to calibrate computer simulation models. NRDC – NDRC Capacity Builing, Beijing, China

Example: IPMVP in Evaluation Application - California案例：IPMVP的评估应用-加利福尼亚 • In the 2006 California Energy Efficiency Evaluation Protocols - M&V plans must adhere to the IPMVP. • A basic level of M&V is defined as involving a statistically adjusted engineering model with metering/monitoring per IPMVP Option A. • An enhanced level of rigor is also defined that would be based on IPMVP Options B (retrofit isolation) or D (calibrated simulation). • Details are defined in a program M&V plan that is reviewed on a case by case basis. • 在2006年，加利福尼亚能效评估协议- M&V计划必须符合IPMVP条款 • M&V 的基本水平(基准）定义为按照IPMVP选项A的要求进行计量/监控，涉及一个统计调整的工程模型 • 精确强化水平也是定义为基于IPMVP选项B（改造隔离）或D（校准仿真） • 细节定义在节能计划M&V的计划中，基于个案对 M&V计划进行审查。

Example: IPMVP in Evaluation Application - New York State Programs案例：IPMVP评估应用-纽约州项目 • Commercial/Industrial Performance Program (CIPP) pay-for-performance program • Approximately one third of NYSERDA savings • M&V protocols based on IPMVP and FEMP M&V Guideline 2.2 • Employs IPMVP Options A – D • M&V evaluation of NY State’s CIPP impacts • Multiple approaches ranging from stipulated savings values to using IPMVP options A – D • Contracts specify that reviews be consistent with IPMVP • 商业/工业绩效计划（CIPP）以绩效为依据拨付资金的项目 • 大约为纽约州能源研究和发展管理局节能量的三分之一 • M&V协议基于IPMVP和FEMP M&V 指南2.2款 • 采用IPMVP选项A-D • M&V评估纽约州CIPP计划的影响 • 多种方法：从规定节能量到使用IPMVP选项A-D • 合同规定审查应符合IPMVP

4. Procedures, Principals and Methods程序，要点和方法 • Issues to Address in Evaluation Planning • Resource Documents • 评估规划中应关注的事项 • 文件资源

Common Evaluation Issues To Address in Planning 在规划中应关注的一般评估事项 • Define evaluation goals and scale (relative magnitude or comprehensiveness) • Set time frame for evaluation and reporting expectations • Set spatial boundary for evaluation • Define program baseline, baseline adjustments, and data collection requirements • Establish a budget in context of information reliability goals • Select impact evaluation approaches for total and net savings calculations, and avoided emissions calculations • Select who (or which type of organization) will conduct the evaluation • 确定评估目标和规模（相对大小或全面性） • 设定评估期限和报告期望值 • 设定评估空间边界 • 确定计划的基准线，基准调整，和数据采集的要求 • 确定达到信息可靠目标的预算 • 选择用于总量和净值节能计算和避免排放计算的影响评估方法 • 选择谁（或哪类机构）来开展评估

EM&V Source Documents 5.5EM&V 源文件5.5 • 2007美国国家能效行动计划示范能效项目影响评估指南 • 此指南介绍影响评估的结构和几个工业标准方法，这些方法用来计算设施（非运输）实施能效计划实现的能源节约，需求和排放减效果，这些能效项目正在各市，州，电力公司，企业和其他类似实体中开展。详见网站 www.epa.gov/eeactionplan • 2007 US National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency Model Energy Efficiency Program Impact Evaluation Guide. • This guide describes a structure and several industry-standard approaches for calculating energy, demand, and emissions savings resulting from facility (non-transportation) energy-efficiency programs that are implemented by cities, states, utilities, companies, and other similar entities. www.epa.gov/eeactionplan Evaluation

Evaluation Resources – California评估资源-加利福尼亚 • California Public Utility Commission • Energy Efficiency Evaluation Protocols: Technical, Methodological, and Reporting Requirements for Evaluation Professionals (California Evaluation Protocols) (2006) • Evaluation Framework (2004) • The California Evaluation Protocols and Framework can be found at： • California Measurement Advisory Council (CALMAC): http://www.calmac.org • Searchable Database of past evaluations • Consortium for Energy Efficiency’s Market Assessment and Program Evaluation (MAPE) Clearinghouse:http://www.cee1.org/eval/clearinghouse.php3 • 加州公用事业委员会 • 能效评估议定书：评估专业人员的技术，方法学和报告要求（加州评估议定书） (2006) • 评估框架(2004) • 加洲评估议定书和框架可以在此找到： • 加利福尼亚测量咨询理事会（ CALMAC ）主页http://www.calmac.org • 可搜索以前的评估数据库 • 能效联盟的市场评价和项目评估（MAPE）信息中心:http://www.cee1.org/eval/clearinghouse.php3

OtherEvaluationResources其他评估资源 • 评估能效政策措施和DSM项目，国际能源署：http://dsm.iea.org • 能源效率和可再生能源（EERE）项目分析和评估管理指南，美国能源部能源效率和可再生能源办公室（US DOE EERE）2007。该指南可在此找到：http://www1.eere.energy.gov/ba/prog_mgmt_guide.html • 技术推广计划的影响评估框架，美国能源部能源效率和可再生能源办公室（US DOE EERE）2007。该指南可在此找到： http://www.eere.energy.gov/ba/pba/km_portal/docs/pdf/2007/impact_framework_tech_deploy_2007_main.pdf • Evaluating Energy Efficiency Policy Measures & DSM Programmes, International Energy Agency, December 2006. http://dsm.iea.org • EERE Program Analysis and Evaluation Management Guide, U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (US DOE EERE) 2007. The guide is available at：http://www1.eere.energy.gov/ba/prog_mgmt_guide.html • Impact Evaluation Framework for Technology Deployment Programs, U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (US DOE EERE), 2007. The guide is available at http://www.eere.energy.gov/ba/pba/km_portal/docs/pdf/2007/impact_framework_tech_deploy_2007_main.pdf

5. Evaluation Management and Planning评估管理和规划 • Project Tracking Databases • Database of Energy Efficiency Resources • Evaluation Planning using Uncertainty • 工程跟踪数据库 • 能源效率资源数据库 • 采用不确定性进行评估规划

Database Types数据库类型 • Project Tracking 工程跟踪 • Evaluation Planning & Management 评估规划和管理 • Measure Results 测量结果 • Evaluation Results 评估结果 Database for Energy Efficient Resources 能效资源的数据库 Evaluation

Applying Uncertainty Analysis应用不确定性分析 • Apply at Portfolio Level (Top down) 应用于投资项目组合方案（自上而下） • Allocation of EM&V resources EM&V资源分配 • Apply to Programs 应用于项目 • Evaluation planning by targeting most uncertain measures 针对最不确定措施的评估项目 • Apply to Project M&V (Bottom up) 应用于工程M&V （自下而上） • Identifying the variables to measure 确定测量的各个变量 • Optimal allocation of resources? 优化资源分配？ • Based on cost of reduced uncertainty 基于降低不确定性的成本 44

Summary of Presentation报告总结 • M&V is used to assess savings from individual projects to calulate total program and portfolio savings. • Evaluation uses M&V and other methods to determine savings andimprove programs. • There are many available resources to build an excellent evaluation capability in China. • M&V用于评估各个工程的节能量，计算项目和项目组合的总节能量 • 评估采用M&V 和其他方法来确定项目的节能量并改进项目 • 中国有很多可用资源来开展出色的评估能力建设。 NDRC – NRDC Capcity Building - Evaluation - Beijing

Evaluation helps you achieve your energy performance goals!评估帮助您实现您的能源绩效目标 Thank You & Good Luck 谢谢！ Steve Kromer

E valuation, M easurement and V erification (EM&V) of Energy Efficiency Programs 能效计划的评估，计量和验证 (EM&V)