Pandemic Flu

1. Pandemic Flu Know the Facts

2. Pandemic Flu Committee • Peggy Powell • Tony Pescatore • Janet Kurzynske • Andrea Husband • Peggy Riley • Kim Henken • Ricky Yeargan • Deborah Murray

3. Various Types of Flu • Seasonal Flu • Pandemic Flu • Avian Flu

4. Flu Pandemics of the Past • Spanish Flu • Asian Flu • Hong Kong Flu

5. Spanish Flu Pandemic • Began September 1918 & Ended April 1919 • About 675,000 people died in the United States • Rapidly spread and killed those infected

6. Asian Flu Pandemic • Began in February 1957 and ended in early 1958 • Was quickly identified and vaccine was created • About 70,000 people died in the United States

7. Hong Kong Flu Pandemic • Began in September 1968 and ended in March 1969 • Virus was similar to Asian flu • Approximately 34,000 people died in the United States

8. Avian Flu • Currently no human cases in the United States • Currently excellent screening system for migratory birds • Excellent commercial poultry protection • No evidence of humans effected by properly cooked poultry • Currently no effective vaccine • Work is proceeding on vaccine for poultry and humans

9. Avian Flu Health Estimates • Should Avian Flu occur as a serious case in the US it is estimated that 90 million people would be effected with 2 million deaths • Short term impacts are projected to be 30% of workers sick in most industries with 2.5% expected to die. Average survivors miss 3 weeks of work.

10. Avian Health con’t. • In a severe case, it is projected there would be 700,000 hospitalizations, 18-42 million out patient visits • Source: Center for Disease Control and Prevention.

11. Projected Avian Flu Economic Impact • Severe case applying average worker productivity rates loss to the economy would be $600 billion or 5% of the GNP • Huge adverse impact on size of future labor pool • Conclusion- Money spent preventing a pandemic will be well spent. Source: Congressional Budge Office

12. Pandemic Flu Website

13. Pandemic Flu Information • Home • Understanding Flu • Preparing for a Pandemic • During an Outbreak • Materials for County Extension Agents

15. Avian Influenza in the US is NOT the same Virus as “Bird” Flu in Asia

16. Avian InfluenzaNomenclature Birds: Influenza A type virus Influenza A is divided into Subtypes based on their surface proteins: Hemagglutin (HA): 15 subtypes Neuraminidase (NA): 9 subtypes H5N1

19. Influenzavirus A Poultry FAD 2005

20. Influenza Virus (Flu) • Mammals and birds always have flu viruses circulating in their respective populations • Horses, Hogs, Humans, and Birds are just a few of the species that are susceptible to flu viruses • Flu viruses generally stay within species • There are some exceptions like Swine flu, which resides in hogs but can infect turkeys • Flu viruses are always changing, that’s why the human vaccine changes yearly

21. Avian Influenza (AI) • North America has always had Avian Influenza strains circulating in waterfowl, wild birds, and live bird markets • “Asian Bird Flu”(H5N1) is one of many strains of Avian Influenza • Poultry companies are concerned about all avian influenza strains, not just “Asian Bird Flu”

22. Some Perspective on Asian Bird Flu (H5N1) • Less than 160 people have died from “Asian Bird Flu” and 265 are known to have gotten sick out of 3.7 Billion people in Asia. Since 2006 48% of the cases and 58% of the deaths have been in Indonesia. • It is not contagious between people • People afflicted with this disease had very close contact with sick birds (live with them, butchered and ate products from sick birds.) • It has been known to be in Asia since 1997 but recently has moved into Africa and Europe

23. Asian Bird Flu (H5N1) infects birds easily but does not infect people easily

24. Factors in Asia that have facilitated H5N1 Infection • Eastern Asia has the most poultry and people living in very close proximity • Unsanitary conditions • Live Bird (Wet) Markets are a primary source for poultry in cities • Sick animals are likely to be eaten by impoverished people • Consumption of uncooked meat or poultry products (such as raw blood) • Cockfighting (highly mobile)

25. Asian Bird Flu(H5N1) • This is not a subtle disease in birds • It kills birds very quickly and in large numbers (90% plus) • With few exceptions, cases have been in live markets, free roaming birds or birds kept in primitive conditions

26. What do you need to know about “Asian Bird Flu”? • This disease will not sneak up on the U.S. • U.S. commercial poultry are at a lower risk of getting “Asian Bird Flu” than free roaming birds • Wild birds, free range poultry, backyard birds, Live bird markets, and gamecocks are at the highest risk of all Avian Flu • U.S. Poultry companies understand that this is “not just another AI virus” and are taking precautions

27. How are Poultry Companies responding to the threat? • All of the major poultry companies are testing all flocks prior to processing to ensure that poultry products are AI free • In the unlikely event of a H5N1 infection in commercial poultry, the flock would not be processed for food. (euthanized on farm) • Consumer Education Message: U.S. poultry products will be safe even if Asian Bird flu comes to U.S. (websites, brochures, articles)

28. What is being done in US • Voluntary (mandatory) surveillance program. Must test for exports. • Mandatory surveillance of live bird markets in NY, NJ and east coast • Increase awareness among poultry health officials and state officials • USDA increase information to small flocks producers • Import ban on poultry from Asia

29. What is being done in Kentucky? • Commercial Surveillance Program • Poultry Health Advisory Board • Emergency Disease Plan • Catastrophic Loss Training • Creation of an indemnity fund for small flocks ($ 204,000) by commercial industry ($102,000) and Ag Development Fund Match ($102,000)

30. How Poultry Companies are structured to prevent disease • Chickens are raised indoors to protect from disease-carrying wild birds • A company representative visits the farm weekly to evaluate flock health • Producers alert the company immediately to changes in flock health status • Biosecurity: Procedures that keep disease away from the flock

31. Poultry Biosecurity • Unauthorized visitors are not permitted on farm • Clean coveralls, hairnets, and disposable boots are used when visiting farms • Step pans disinfect footwear prior to entering • Water systems sanitized (especially lake systems) • Producers avoid contact with waterfowl, gamecocks, poultry swap meets, etc.

32. Why aren’t we vaccinating our chickens for Asian Bird Flu? • Historically, vaccinating for AI meant that a country was not serious about eradication • US Poultry relies heavily on exports: Breast meat stays in domestic markets, Leg quarters go overseas • U.S. companies believe that trade barriers would be imposed if U.S. vaccinated for AI • Overseas opposition to vaccination may vanish as more countries vaccinate for “Asian Bird Flu”

40. FLUSTOP • Flock Observation • Observe Flocks Daily • Changes in appearance, behavior, drinking and eating behavior • Disease symptoms eat less, respiratory signs, lack of coordination, increase death loss • Dispose of dead birds properly

41. FLUSTOP Limit Traffic • Allow only necessary people and vehicles to enter the farm • Post warning signs • Log book for visitors • Be aware of areas with birds (hunting, farm ponds, pet stores, zoos, parks) • Minimum level of security is clean boots

42. FLUSTOP Unwanted Critters • Prevent contact with wild birds • Clean up grain and feed to control wild birds and rodents • Isolate or cull sick birds • A chicken is the only animal that should be in a chicken house (keep dogs and cats out) • Isolate new or returning poultry from resident birds for at least 30 days

43. FLUSTOP Sanitation • Keep pens and buildings neat and clean • Prevent wet and damp bedding and eliminate standing water in pens • Clean and disinfect all equipment and crates before returning to the farm • Establish a wash area away from the poultry buildings • Provide clean boots and clothes for workers

44. FLUSTOP Talk to a vet • Early detection and reporting are important steps in preventing a disease outbreak • If you notice unusual symptoms or increase death contact local vet or the office of the State Veterinarian • To report sick wild birds (more than 5 or waterfowl) contact US Fish and Wildlife or the KY Department of Fish and Wildlife

45. FLUSTOP Objects spread disease • Diseases spread through direct contact with infected birds • Diseases also can be spread by manure, equipment, vehicles, egg flats, eggshells, crates, and boots • Avoid visiting other poultry farms • Do not share equipment but if you must, wash and disinfect any shared equipment before it is returned to the farm • Do not reuse egg cartons, egg flats or packing materials

46. FLUSTOP Prepare food properly • Do not eat, drink or use tobacco products when handling poultry • Wash hands and surfaces with hot soapy water before and after handling raw poultry or eggs • Keep raw poultry and their juices away from other foods • Cook poultry to 165o F

47. Hunter and Taxidermists • Limit exposure to feces and bodily fluids from game animals • Do not handle or process birds found sick or dead • Wear rubber or latex gloves and washable clothing while handling game • Dispose of internal organs, feathers, bones skin, and trimmings in a safe manner • Do not eat, drink, or use tobacco products while handling game • Wash hands with soapy water or alcohol wipes immediately after handling game

48. Hunter and Taxidermists • Clean all tools and work surfaces with hot soapy water then disinfect with 10% chlorine bleach or other disinfection • Thoroughly cook meat is safe to eat (165oF) • Use caution around water sources and roosting areas were feces from wild birds may accumulate • When finished hunting, clean clothing, boots, vehicles as soon as possible • Do not bring game birds onto poultry farms

49. http://wildlifedisease.nbii.gov/ai/LPAI-Table.jsp Kentucky 429 Wild bird samples 197 Environmental Samples 626 Total Samples