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THE EARTH SIMULATOR SYSTEM

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THE EARTH SIMULATOR SYSTEM

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    1. 1 THE EARTH SIMULATOR SYSTEM By: Shinichi HABATA, Mitsuo YOKOKAWA, Shigemune KITAWAKI Presented by: Anisha Thonour

    2. Extracted from the government website

    3. 3 Definitions Super Computer: A supercomputer is a computer that leads the world in terms of processing capacity, particularly speed of calculation, at the time of its introduction. Cost is no object with advanced technologies Dr.Pfeiffer Parallel Processing: Processing in which multiple processors work on a single application simultaneously .

    4. 4 Cross-sectional View of the Earth Simulator Building

    5. 5 Topics to be introduced Introduction System Overview Processor Node Interconnection Network Performance Conclusion

    6. 6 Introduction Global change prediction using computer simulation 1000 times faster 1997 - February 2002 87.5% peak performance(35.86TFLOPS) LINPACK 64.9% peak performance(26.58TFLOPS) global atmospheric circulation model with the spectral method

    7. 7 System Overview Parallel vector super computer 640 processor node and interconnection network 1 processor node holds 8 arithmetic processors and main memory Peak performance Processor node = 40TFLOPS Achieved performance Processor node = 35.86TFLOPS Interconnection network = 640 x 640 non-blocking crossbar switch Bandwidth = 12.3GB/s

    8. 8 System Overview ctd.

    9. 9 System Overview ctd.. 1 cluster consist of 16 processor nodes, a cluster control station , an I/O control station and system disk 640 nodes divided into 40 clusters 2 types of clusters S cluster(1), L cluster(39) S cluster- 2 nodes are used to for interactive use and another for small-size batch jobs User disks - storing user files Mass storage system cartridge tape library system

    10. 10 ctd. Super cluster control station manages all 40 clusters and provide a single system images operational environment High-performance and high-efficiency Architectural features: Vector Processor Shared memory High-bandwidth and non-blocking interconnection crossbar network Parallelizing, high-sustained performance Vector processing on a processor Parallel processing with shared memory within a node Parallel processing among distributed nodes via the interconnection network

    11. 11 Processor Node Each PN consist of 8AP, a main memory system, a remote-access control unit and an I/O processor. Arithmetic processor can deliver up to 8GFLOPS and there are 8 APs. It uses a high efficiency heat sink using heat pipe. High speed main memory device to reduce the memory access latency. Paradigms provided within a processor node is Vector processing on a processor. Parallel processing with shared memory.

    12. 12 Processor Node Configuration

    13. 13

    14. 14 Interconnection Network 640 x 640 non-blocking crossbar switch Byte-slicing technique Control unit and 128 data switch unit 320 PN cabinets and 65 IN cabinets Each PN cabinets consist of 2 processor nodes and 65 IN cabinets containing the interconnection network.

    15. 15

    16. 16 Interconnection Network Wiring

    17. 17 Inter-node communication mechanism Node A requests the control unit to reserve a data path from node A to node B, and the control unit reserves the data path, then replies to node A. Node A begins data transfer to node B Node B receives all the data, then sends the data transfer completion code to node A.

    18. 18 Inter-node interface with ECC codes

    19. 19 Inter-node interface with ECC codes To resolve the error occurrence rate problem, ECC codes are added to the transfer data. A receiver node detects the occurrence of intermittent inter-node communication failure by checking ECC codes, and the error byte data can almost always be corrected by RCU within the receiver node. ECC used for recovering from inter-node communication failure from a data switch unit malfunction. Correction done until switch unit is repaired.

    20. 20 Barrier Synchronization mechanism using GBC

    21. 21 Barrier synchronization mechanism using GBC GBC-Global barrier counter GBF-Global barrier flag Barrier synchronization mechanism The master node sets the number of nodes used for the parallel program into GBC within the INs control unit The control unit resets all GBFs of the nodes used for the program The node, on which task completes, decrements GBC within the control unit , and repeats to check GBF until GBF is asserted When GBC=0, the control unit asserts all GBFs of the nodes used for the program All the nodes begin to process the next tasks. The barrier synchronization time is constantly less than 3.5sec

    22. 22 Bird's-eye View of the Earth Simulator System

    23. 23

    24. 24 Performance Using GBC feature, MPI-Barrier synchronization time is constantly less than 3.5sec. The software barrier synchronization time increases, or is proportional to the number of nodes.

    25. 25 Performance The interconnection network is a single stage network so this performance is always achieved for every two-node communication.

    26. 26 Performance The ratio of peak performance is more than 85%. Performance is proportional to the number of nodes.

    27. 27 Conclusion High-performance and high-efficiency Architectural features: Vector Processor Shared memory High-bandwidth and non-blocking interconnection crossbar network Parallelizing, high-sustained performance Vector processing on a processor Parallel processing with shared memory within a node Parallel processing among distributed nodes via the interconnection network 87.5% peak performance(35.86TFLOPS) LINPACK 64.9% peak performance(26.58TFLOPS) global atmospheric circulation model with the spectral method

    28. 28 Applications-Solid Earth Simulation Group We are developing new algorithms for the geophysical simulations as well as new grid systems in the spherical geometry.

    29. 29 Solid Earth Simulation Group

    30. 30 To understand the mechanism of the variability with time scale from a few days to decades and to study the predictability in the atmosphere.

    31. 31 To study the effects of meso-scale phenomena on the ocean general circulation and the material transport.

    32. 32 To understand the mechanism of the variability and to study the predictability in the coupled atmosphereocean system.

    33. 33 References http://www.thocp.net/hardware/nec_ess.htm http://www.es.jamstec.go.jp/esc/eng/Hardware/in.html

    34. Thank You

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