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Explore the history of democracy from Athens to America, covering key events like the Magna Carta, French Revolution, and World Wars, while examining the rise of totalitarianism, imperialism, and the Cold War. Gain insights into the evolution of governance and global power dynamics.
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Democracy~ For the people by the people • Athens, Greece (Direct) • Roman Republic…(Indirect) • like America • Magna Carta~ limited the power of the King • Constitutional monarchs=limited monarchs • Bill of Rights • Mary & William of Orange
3rd Estate Enlightenment/French Revolution • John Locke- • Thomas Hobbes- • Montesquieu- • Fall of the Bastille • Tennis Court Oath/Reign of Terror… • Nap. Coup de etat • Napoleonic Code • Nap’s 3 mistakes….downfall • Continental system, Peninsular War, Invasion of Russia • Congress of Vienna~ balance the power & restore the monarchs • 100 Years
I.R. Britain • People moving from the rural area to the urban area • Urbanization (jobs) • Machines…mass production (more food-less workers) • Romanticism~ fake/imagination • Realism~ REAL (Charles Dickens) • Influenced by I.R..
Imperialism~ Strong take over weak • More land (colonies)=more power • Industrialization=power • Berlin Conference (divide Africa) • Britain/France most land • Ethiopia/Liberia~ ind. • China… • Taiping Rebellion~ huge peasant rebellion • Boxer Rebellion~ kick foreigners out (failed) • India’s Ind. from Britain • Mohandas Gandhi
Today • Work on Review • Complete missing assignments • All assignments are due by Wed 27th • No exceptions
WWI 1914-1918 • Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. (Central Powers) • Triple Entente: France, Great Britain, and Russia. (Allied Powers) • Schlieffen Plan~ Germany’s 2-front war plan • Failed-brought Britain in war, lead to trench war on w. front • Russian out Revolution-1917 • US entered war for 2 reasons • Zimmerman telegram • Unrestricted sub-warfare • Paris Peace Conference • League of Nations- • Treaty of Versailles (peace=20yrs) • Suffered territory/military losses, war reparations($) guilt clause, excluded from League of Nations
The rise of Totalitarianism Germany~ Hitler Nazism Gestapo Mein Kampf Enabling act Appeasement USSR~ Stalin Communism CHEKA The Great Purge Five Year Plan Collective Farms Italy~ Mussolini Fascism Black Shirts March on Rome Invasion of Ethiopia
WWII- 1939-1945 • Invasion of Poland=Started WWII • Axis Powers • Germany, Italy, & Japan • Allied Powers • Britain & France • The Fall of France • Battle of Britain~ Churchill “ we will never surrender” • Operation Barbarossa~ Invasion of USSR • Holocaust~ camps mostly in Poland-killed 11 million total people
WWII (cont) • Pearl Harbor- • Japanese interment camps (FDR) • D-Day~ US troops landed on the beaches of Normandy-began to drive Nazi’s back • Battle of the Bulge • Hitler’s last attempt (failed) • Atomic Bomb (Truman) • Nagasaki & Hiroshima • United Nations • Article 9 • Japan cannot start war
Cold War 1946-1991 • US (capitalist) vs. USSR (Communist) • Truman Doctrine~ contain communism • Marshall Plan~ contain communism by giving $$$ • Domino Theory (Eisenhower) if one falls to communist all do • China~ communist • Korea~ divided 38th parallel • Vietnam~ communist • Cuba~ communist • US won