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Sydney Institute for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity

SEIB. Sydney Institute for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity. Tania Sorrell. What is an Emerging Infectious Disease? Why establish an Institute of EID and Biosecurity? Why at the University of Sydney? What are our goals? What is our structure?

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Sydney Institute for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity

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  1. SEIB Sydney Institute for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity Tania Sorrell

  2. What is an Emerging Infectious Disease? Why establish an Institute of EID and Biosecurity? Why at the University of Sydney? What are our goals? What is our structure? What have we achieved since February 2010? What do we aspire to now?

  3. Epidemic and emerging infectious diseases High Morbidity Mortality Major Social Disruption Major Economic Hardship Outbreaks and Antimicrobial resistance ~60% Animal Human ~70% of these wildlife “One health” Avian flu >US30 billion Antibiotic-Resistant Infections (US) ~$60 billion pa Asia-Pacific Incubator and Bellweather

  4. Newly-recognised human infectious agents in the current era After Brown et al, Yung Text ID, 2010 HIV 2 years Hepatitis C 17 years ~2 months Multi drug R TB Chikungunya Origin of HIV V. cholerae 0139 Bartonella XDR-TB Hantavirus T. whippelii Artemisinin R P. falciparum Hendra Bat lyssa H1N1 09 SARS H5N1 Nipah 1980 1990 2000 2010

  5. Distribution of EID events (1940-2004) K. Jones, Nature 2008

  6. Expertise in SEIB Why Sydney? Outbreaks, animals and severe consequences Influenza, arboviruses, HIV Salmonella, food- borne disease Encephalitis Viruses Dengue Avian flu H1N1 09 Antimicrobial resistance Vaccines, drugs and diagnostics (development and evaluation) Modelling and Bioinformatics GPC (Staph) & GNR TB Fungi Malaria (Viruses)

  7. Sydney Institute for EID and Biosecurity A multidisciplinary institute devoted to reducing risks from, and global impacts of, emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases Especially in the Asia-Pacific Region through Partnering in research, education and capacity building communication and advocacy seib@sydney.edu.au

  8. Management Board Chair Bruce Robinson International alliances External alliances (Australia) SEPIAC (Advisory) WHO, CDC Asia-Pacific partners Swiss Tropical Inst Other SEIB Government agencies NGOs Collaborating institutions Westmead Camperdown Law Engineering, IT Arts Science Economics & Business (Biosecurity) Veterinary Science Medicine & affiliated institutions Pharmacy Nursing & Midwifery 8

  9. Emerging infectious Diseases in our time – Research and translation in SEIB Influenza (HIV) (Malaria) Tuberculosis Cerebral infections Hepatitis C Transmissible antibiotic resistance in bacteria (Resistant infections in closed environments)

  10. Multidisciplinary research: Influenza Proteome analysis Modelling Legal, ethical preparedness (region) Livestock, poultry movement, Spatial charact- erisation, Avian flu Basic Science CVELIM Law Qualitative research Perception of risk, Responses to media, political & ethical challenges Int Security Studies Vet Science Response capacity Building, Vietnam SEIB ID I Public Health Clinical networks Infection control, Vaccination Vaccines Serosurveillance Vaccine uptake Paed surveillance Epidemiology CIDM PH ID/ICU NCIRS CHW CIDMLS AHS Labs Resistance AHS Diagnosis Surveillance, Data transfer, Policy advice New Diagnostics

  11. Tuberculosis, 2008 9.4 million cases world-wide (54% SE Asia/W Pacific); 1.8 million deaths (19%) 1.4 million associated with HIV infection; 0.52 million deaths (37%) 0.5 million cases MDR-TB (INH & RIF); ≥0.15 million deaths (30%) 50,000 cases XDR-TB (R to 1st & 2nd line drugs); ≥30,000 deaths (60%) Mortality All HIV MDR XDR WHO Weekly Epidemiological Record 19/3/2010

  12. Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunity Group - Tuberculosis Group Leader: Dr Jamie Triccas Areas of Research Development and testing of novel anti-tuberculosis vaccines Elucidating strategies employed by Mycobacterium tuberculosis to survive within the host and promote virulence  Defining in detail the host immune response to chronic bacterial infection Discovery of new agents to treat infections with M. tuberculosis

  13. M tuberculosis : Molecular epidemiology Beijing family (24%) East African/Indian (12%) Low level transmission; temporo-spatial distribution => migration/residence Machine learning algorithms (spoligo and MIRU typing): no association genotype/R/clinical phenotypes

  14. Rapid spread of antibiotic resistance in GNR: The shared transmissible gene pool Iredell Lab, Westmead R plasmids with variable host range GPC aggressive individual pathogens eg S. aureus GNR Rapid diagnostics applications through understanding genetics of resistance (high throughput “hyper”multiplex systems) co-operative pathogens eg E. coli, P. aeruginosa

  15. Metabolic Complications of HCV 180 million cases; 3-4 million new pa Steatosis (fatty liver) – HCV Genotype 3 Insulin resistance (diabetes) – HCV Genotype 1 • Faster progression to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and liver cancer • Predicts non-response to antiviral treatment (interferon, ribavirin) Mechanisms are poorly understood – investigating • Pathways involved • New drug development

  16. Pathogenesis of CNS infections Malaria -cellular & molecular mechanisms • Immunopathology, cytokine networks • endothelial biology, blood-brain barrier, • microvascular pathology, microparticles Grau, Hunt King, Kesson Sorrell, Djordjevic • Flaviviruses (encephalitis, retinal infection) • In vivo models of immunopathology (WNV) • Transcriptional regulation and role of Toll receptors in immune recognition molecules by WNV • Mathematical modelling of survival parameters • Cryptococcosis • Determinants of invasion of the CNS • Mechanism of crossing the blood brain barrier

  17. Vector Control: Dengue and filariasis Professor Richard Russell laboratory Aim: to reduce use of insecticides Dengue in Australia Aedes aegypti Lethal ovitraps Sticky plastic strips trap adult mosquitoes to lay eggs Toxic cloth strip for killing adults Biodegradable: do not need retrieval and do not become habitats

  18. Existing & potential external networks and collaborations Swiss TPH Institute

  19. - SEIB – 5 year plan Research Planning day SEIB launch May 19-20 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Education & Capacity building Ensure growth sustainability Build profile Secure future Ed. Initiatives progressing Lab twinning in Maldives & Indonesia Integrate with major University Infrastructure developments Build collaborations Advocacy & Communication Pandemic flu workshop 20 May Outcomes H1N1 09 Meetings with key constituencies STPH Institute Indonesia ABIN, WHO

  20. Support • Current objectives • Continuation of funds for • Director & Program Mgr • Secretarial support (P/T) • Academic support (Lecturer) • Scientific exchange support • Student exchange support • PhD student stipends • Conference support Sydney Medical School Foundation (to Dec 2010) Sydney West Area Heath Service (office) Sydney Medical School (office) Deliotte (pro bono: Business Plan)

  21. SEIB 2010 SMH Magazine, 15/16 May 2010 21

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