Fundamental

1. GABST HEALTH SCIENCE COLLEGE FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING - IFOR 2ND YEAR BSc NURSING STUDENTS, 2012 E.C • TEMESGEN A.(BSc, MSc in Nursing) • Lecturer of Emergency and medicine and critical care Nursing • GABST Health Science College, Nursing • Contact: teme31722@gmail.com@gmail.com Temesgen A.

2. Chapter 1: Introduction To Nursing • Objectives: • After completing the chapter, you will be able to accomplish the following: • Define nursing • Describe the historical background of nursing Temesgen A.

3. Definition of nursing Brain storming:- • What is nursing???? Temesgen A.

4. Definitions of nursing • The word nurse originated from the Latin word nutrix, meaning “to nourish.” • Most definitions of nursing describe the nurse as a person who nourishes, fosters, and protects and who is prepared to take care of sick, injured, and aged people. • With the expanding roles and functions of the nurse in today’s society, however, any one definition may be too limited. Temesgen A.

5. Definition of Nursing….. • Nursing is caring, commitment, and dedication to meet functional health needs (physiologic, psychological and sociologic) of all people. • “The act of utilizing the environment of the client to assist him in his recovery” (Nightingale, 1859). Temesgen A.

6. Cont… • “It is the Dx and Rxof human responses to actual or potential health problems” (ANA, 1980). • “It is assisting the individual, sick or well in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (to peaceful death) that he will perform unaided, if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge and to do this in such a way as to help him gain independence as rapidly as possible” (Virginia Henderson, 1960). Temesgen A.

7. Cont… • It is the art and science that involves working with individual, families, & communities to promote wellness of: • Body, • Mind, and • Spirit • Despite the multitude of definitions of nursing, common themes are evident • Holism, • Caring, • Teaching, • Advocacy, • Supporting, • Promoting,maintaining, and Restoringhealthare all components of nursing practice. Temesgen A.

8. Foundation of modern nursing • Definition of Nursing • Different people and associations have defined nursing differently. • Florence Nightingale • Virginia Henderson • Canadian Nurses Association (CNA) • American Nurses Association (ANA)… HENOK M. (BSN, MSN)

9. FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE HENOK M. (BSN, MSN)

10. Foundation of modern nursing • Definition of nursing… • Florence Nightingale (1860). • “The act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery" • Nightingale considered a clean, well-ventilated, warmth , no odor and quite environment are essential for recovery. HENOK M. (BSN, MSN)

11. Foundation of modern nursing • Virginia Henderson HENOK M. (BSN, MSN)

12. Foundation of modern nursing • Definition of nursing… • Virginia Henderson • "The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to peaceful death)“ that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will, or knowledge. HENOK M. (BSN, MSN)

13. IDA JEAN ORLANDO(1926- 2007) HENOK M. (BSN, MSN)

14. Foundation of modern nursing • Definition of nursing… • Canadian Nurses Association (CNA) • Described nursing practice as a dynamic, caring, helping relationship in which the nurse assists the client to achieve and obtain optimal health. HENOK M. (BSN, MSN)

15. Foundation of modern nursing • Definition of nursing… • American Nurses Association (ANA) • “Direct, goal oriented, and adaptable to the needs of the individual, the family, and the community during health and illness" (ANA, 1973). • In 1980, the (ANA) changed this definition of nursing to "Nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential health problems". HENOK M. (BSN, MSN)

16. Foundation of modern nursing • Definition of nursing… • Nursing can also defined as an art and a science that deals with prevention of disease, care and treatment of the sick and rehabilitation of patients. HENOK M. (BSN, MSN)

17. Foundation of modern nursing • Certain themes are common to many of these definitions • Nursing is an art. • Nursing is a science • Nursing is caring. • Nursing is client centered • Nursing is holistic • Nursing is adaptive • Nursing is a helping profession. HENOK M. (BSN, MSN)

18. Florence Nightingale(1820-1910) HENOK M. (BSN, MSN)

19. FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE HENOK M. (BSN, MSN)

20. Foundation of modern nursing • Florence Nightingale • Florence Nightingale is considered the founder of modern nursing. (Mother of modern nursing ) • She was born on 12 May 1820. She had rich parents. • She grew up in a wealthy upper-class family in England during the mid-1800s. HENOK M. (BSN, MSN)

21. Foundation of modern nursing • Florence Nightingale… • She was privately educated in the classical mode with emphasis on language, literature, philosophy, history and mathematics. • Florence announced her decision to enter nursing in 1844, despite the intense anger and distress of her mother and sister. HENOK M. (BSN, MSN)

22. Foundation of modern nursing • Florence Nightingale • After completing the 3-month course of study at Kaiserwerth Institute, Nightingale became active in reforming health care. • She believed that "Healthy surroundings were necessary for proper nursing care.“ • The advent of Britain’s war in the Crimea presented the stage for Nightingale to further develop the public’s awareness of the need for educated nurses. HENOK M. (BSN, MSN)

23. Foundation of modern nursing • Florence Nightingale • The implementation of her principles in the areas of nursing practice and environmental modifications resulted in reduced morbidity and mortality rates during the war. • Nightingale forged the future of nursing education as a result of her experiences in training nurses to care for British soldiers. HENOK M. (BSN, MSN)

24. HENOK M. (BSN, MSN)

25. Foundation of modern nursing • Florence Nightingale • She established the Nightingale Training School of Nurses at St. Thomas’ Hospital in London. • This was the first school for nurses that provided boththeory-based knowledge and clinical skill building. HENOK M. (BSN, MSN)

26. Foundation of modern nursing • Florence Nightingale • St. Thomas’ Hospital in London. HENOK M. (BSN, MSN)

27. Foundation of modern nursing • The Crimean war • The Crimean war was neither a well planned nor a productive conflict. • It was fought primarily between Russia and Turkey to gain control over the port of Constantinople. • Great Britain entered the war on the side of Turkey in 1854. • The mortality rate of wounded soldiers approached 60%. HENOK M. (BSN, MSN)

28. Foundation of modern nursing • The Crimean war • A public out cry over the danger of the British soldier caused the British government to seek resolution of this problem. • The secretary of the war, Sir Sidney Herbert, contacted miss Nightingale and requested her to give care to the wounded soldiers. • On 21 October 1854, she and a staff of 38 women volunteer nurses, trained by Nightingale ,were sent. HENOK M. (BSN, MSN)

29. Foundation of modern nursing • The Crimean war… • She insisted that soldiers be bathed, their wounds dressed, and unspoiled food be fed to the sick. • A pure water supply was established. • As a result of Nightingale's efforts, the mortality rate declined to approximately 2%. • Florence Nightingale's most famous contribution came during this time. HENOK M. (BSN, MSN)

30. Florence became known as the ‘lady with the lamp’. She walked around the hospital carrying her lamp. HENOK M. (BSN, MSN)

31. Foundation of modern nursing • Florence Nightingale • Florence died at home on August 13, 1910. She was 90 years old. HENOK M. (BSN, MSN)

32. Foundation of modern nursing • Florence Nightingale • She changed hospitals all over the world. • Nursing became a respected profession because of her. • There is a museum in London which celebrates her life and work HENOK M. (BSN, MSN)

33. History of Nursing in Ethiopia • Even though Ethiopia is one of the oldest countries in the world, introduction of modern medicine was very late. • Health care of communities and families was by Hakim (wogesha or traditional healers). Temesgen A.

34. History of Nursing in Ethiopia… • Around 1866 missionaries came to Eritrea, and started to provide medical care for very few members of the society. • In 1908 Minlik II hospital was established in the capital of Ethiopia. • The hospital was equipped and staffed by Russians. Temesgen A.

35. History of Nursing in Ethiopia… • Later hospital building was continued which raised the need to train health auxiliaries and nurses. • In 1949 the Ethiopian Red Cross, School of Nursing was established at Hailesellasie I hospital in Addis Ababa. • The training was given for three years. Temesgen A.

36. History of Nursing in Ethiopia… • In 1954 HailesellasieI Public Health College was established in Gondar to train health officer, community health nurses and sanitarians. Temesgen A.

37. History of Nursing in Ethiopia…. • During the regimen of 'Dergue', the former bedside and community health nursing training was changed to comprehensive nursing. • An additional higher health professional training institution was also established in 1983 In Jimma. Temesgen A.

38. History of Nursing in Ethiopia…. • After the overthrown of the Dergue, the transitional government of Ethiopia developed a health policy that emphasizes • Health promotion, • Diseases prevention, and • Curative and • Rehabilitative health service with priority to the rural societies. Temesgen A.

39. History of Nursing in Ethiopia…. • As the result of the policy the training of public health nursing at the diploma level came in to existence since 1995. • Additional public health higher training institutions were established at Dilla and Alemaya in 1996. • The outputs of these training institutions are providing services all over the country. Temesgen A.

40. Chapter 2: Recording and reporting • Outline: • Admission and discharge documentation • Client progress notes • Critical incident reporting to senior staff Temesgen A.

41. Objectives: • After studying this chapter, you should be able to: • Define the term “hospitalization”; • Describe, and during clinical nursing practice, subsequently implement the correct procedure for admitting a patient to inpatient healthcare facility • List the types of patient admission according to priority • Correctly prepare medical documents for patient admission to the inpatient health care facility Temesgen A.

42. CONT… • Describe, and subsequently implement during clinical practice, the correct procedure for discharging a patient to homecare. • Discuss the importance of client progress note • Discuss the need for incident reporting Temesgen A.

43. ADMISSION OF PATIENTS TO THE HOSPITAL. Temesgen A.

44. Admission and discharge documentation • Admission is a process of receiving a new patient to an individual unit (ward) of the hospital. • It is the entry and acceptance of a patient to stay in a health facility for the purpose of observation , investigation and treatment . • Patients are admitted to an inpatient healthcare facility if their health condition requires continuous healthcare for more than 24 hours. Temesgen A.

45. Cont… • The term “hospitalization” means admitting the patient to an inpatient healthcare facility. • Types of admissions according to priority • Elective/ planned/routine • Emergency Temesgen A.

46. Types of patient admission according to priority • Planned admission • The patient has been previously booked for hospitalization, examination or surgery and it is expected that the patient will remain in hospital for the required period. • Patient is informed well ahead of time to enable him prepare for the admission. Temesgen A.

47. Cont… • Emergency admission • The patient is admitted without referral from a doctor in the case of a life threatening condition • The patient is transported to the ward in a wheel chair or stretcher. • This type of patients needs immediate treatment Temesgen A.

48. Cont… Temesgen A.

49. Reasons for admission • For diagnostic investigations to be done • For treatments which may be medical or surgical • For observation Temesgen A.

50. Admission procedure (planned patient) • Welcome Patient/ relatives to the ward/unit and introduce yourself and any other nurse present to the patients • Collect the necessary documents i.e. admission papers and other information from the accompanying nurse • Identify and confirm patient by name particulars • Provided seats for patient and the relatives to make them comfortable • Gather information from patient and if necessary the relatives to fill the admission papers. • Depending on the condition provide an admission bed Temesgen A.