1 / 28

FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS

FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS. CHAPTER 10. Vital Signs. Vital: concerned with or essential to life. Sign: obvious, objective finding or evidence of illness or bodily malfunction. Homeostasis and Methods of Heat Loss. A. All chemical process in the body produce heat as one of the byproducts.

nubia
Download Presentation

FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS CHAPTER 10

  2. Vital Signs • Vital: concerned with or essential to life. • Sign: obvious, objective finding or evidence of illness or bodily malfunction

  3. Homeostasis and Methods of Heat Loss A. All chemical process in the body produce heat as one of the byproducts. • Body must be able to maintain a constant body temperature.

  4. Homeostasis • State of equilibrium = compensation a. Body adjust for changes in internal or external environment. • Hypothalamus • Heat regulating part of the body • Tracks & controls amount of body heat lost • Located within the brain

  5. Homeostasis • 80% of heat loss is through the skin • Convection: Transfer or loss of heat due to circulation or replacement of a surrounding liquid or gas. • Radiation: Transfer or loss of heat from or by its source to the surrounding environment in the for of heat waves or waves • Evaporation: the convection of liquid or solid to a gas

  6. Temperature A. USE THE CORRECT THERMOMETER • Oral • Rectal: generally 1 degree higher than oral • Tympanic : membranes shares the same blood supply as hypothalamus • Axillary: used for people who must breath via mouth or who cannot turn on their side

  7. Temperature • B. Temperature scales • Fahrenheit: most commonly used scale • 320 = freezing • 212o = boiling • Celsius: • 00 = freezing • 1000 = boiling

  8. Temperature • Conversions: • F to C: 5/9(F-32) = Celsius • C to F: (C x 9/5) + 32 = Fahrenheit

  9. Temperature • Factors effecting core temperature • Head injuries • CVA’s (strokes, cerebrovascular accidents) • Extreme environment temperatures • Amount of body fat • Time of day temperature is taken • Disease processes • Brain tumors or brain surgery

  10. PulseCharacteristics • Rhythmical throbbing due to contraction and expansion of artery as wave of blood passes through. • Pulses only in artery • Veins have little pressure and no pulse. • Adult average of 5 liters of blood

  11. PulseLocations • Central: blood flow to the vital organs • Carotid, femoral, apical • Peripheral: flow to skin surface extremities, ears, nose, & face. • Brachial, radial, pedal • Apical – point of maximum impulse

  12. PulseRate • Adult: normal resting 60- 100 beats/ minute • Infants < 1 year = 90 – 140 • Children 1 to 7 years = 80 – 120 • Children > 7 years = 72 - 90 • Factors that may affect rate: • Tachycardia >100 : medications, exercise, anxiety, fear, heart problems, > temperature • Brachycardia <60 well-conditioned athletes, medication, low body temperature

  13. PulseRegularity = Rhythum • Regular vs irregular • Count for full minute

  14. PulseStrength • Weak • Strong • Thready (weak, rapid, diffulcult to count) • Bounding (unusually strong

  15. Respiration & Lung SoundsCharacteristics • Respiration: breathing • Oxygen in Carbon dioxide out • Controlled by Respiratory center • Located in medulla oblongata • Signal from voluntary and involuntary muscles

  16. Respiration & Lung SoundsPhases • External respiration = gas exchange • CO2 of blood exchanged for O2 form inspired air in the alveoli of lungs • CO2 gotten rid of via exhalation • Breathing cycle : active motion

  17. Respiration & Lung SoundsPhases • Internal respiration: exchange of CO2 contained in the cells for O2 in blood. • expiration • 1 respiratory cycle = one inspiration and one exhalation

  18. Respiration & Lung SoundsRates • Premature infants 40 –90 • Newborn infants 30 - 50 • 4 weeks to 12 months 20 – 40 • 2 to 5 years 20 – 30 • 5 to 15 years 20 – 25 • 15 + 15

  19. Respiration & Lung SoundsMeasuring Rates • Abdominal • Apnea • Bradypnea • Cheyne-Strokes • Decreased • Dyspnea

  20. Respiration & Lung SoundsMeasuring Rates • Hyperapnea • Kussmaul’s breathing • Labored breathing • Stertorous • Tachypnea

  21. Respiration & Lung SoundsPatterns • Normal quiet and effortless • Snoring – upper respiratory obstruction • Crackles or gurgling – fluid in passages • Stridor – high pitched noise, squeak + upper respiratory obstruction (laryngeal edema) • Wheeze – Narrowing of passage. • Asculation points

  22. Respiration & Lung SoundsFactors Effecting Patterns • Diseases • Diabetes, kidney abnormalities, lung disease • Medications • Emotions • Injuries • Head, diving accidents, drownings, gun shot

  23. Blood Pressure • Measurement of pressure against walls • Systolic: top number • Refers to the contraction of ventricles • Pressure of blood against arterial wall • Diastolic • Refers to contraction of ventricles • Pressure on wall during relaxation • palpated

  24. Blood Pressure 5. Hypertension • Random readings of or > 140/90 in otherwise health adult • Sign & symptoms • Headaches upon awakening • Visual distrubances • General weakness • Excessive fatigue • CVAs

  25. Blood Pressure • Noninvasive vs Invasive blood pressure • Factors effecting readings -Medication, Exercise, Stress, Insomnia, Pain, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, trauma, fever, head injuries

  26. Weight & Height • Accuracy • Characteristics of weighing • < 2 years on scales w/ ounces baby scale usually w/o clothes • >2 adult scale • Weight conversion Lbs/2.2 = kg • Height = Adult w/o shoes

More Related