Part B: Pet support & environments

1. Part B: Pet support & environments

2. Topics • Choosing a pet • Behavior, social issues • Housing, environmental issues • Animals in therapy, research • Ethics, emotional issues • Pet loss, grief • Unwanted animals • Legal issues

3. Housing • What should every animal’s housing provide? • Shelter from inclement weather • Control • Temperature & moisture • Predator & disease • Ventilation & noise • Adequate living space • ___________________ • Fresh, healthful food and water • Safe, comfortable bedding or sleeping area • Elimination area with _______________

4. Housing • What should every animal’s housing provide? • Shelter from inclement weather • Animals being sheltered • (hunting dogs, show cats) • Types of materials to use • (wood, plastic, concrete) • W____________________ (_________________) • Ways to keep clean • (hosing, scrubbing, vacuum) • Schedules for maintenance • (maintenance $ acct)

5. Housing • Control • Temperature & moisture • Predator & disease • Ventilation & noise

6. Housing • Adequate living space (rules, numbers) • Exercise facility

7. Housing • Fresh, healthful _____and _____ • Water sources • Food sources and storage • Sanitation and pest control • Safe, comfortable bedding or sleeping area • Elimination area with routine cleaning

8. Housing & environment • Pet care facilities • Pet sitters (in-home or sitter’s home) • Boarding facilities (+/- veterinary facility) www.glrpc.com • Kennels, catteries, hatcheries • Pet “day care” or “camp” • Ex: Noah’s Bark, Kenny Rd.

9. Housing & environment • Facility Considerations • Animals’ welfare • Shelter provisions • USDA • AWA • __________________________

10. Housing & environment • Facility Considerations • Caretaker’s welfare • S______________________ (design, disease/parasite control, maintenance, sanitation) • Legal and financial issues (insurance, codes, licenses, OSHA)

11. Therapy, Service, Research • Animals in Therapy and Service careers • Dogs • Cats • ____________________ • Animals in Biomedical Research • Experimental design • Animals as models for man and animals • Legislation

12. Therapy & Service • Dogs – careers: • Personal assistance • Patient therapy • Public assistance • Cats – potential careers: • Personal assistance • Patient therapy

13. Therapy & Service • Dogs: Personal assistance http://www.servicedogstoday.org • Guide Dogs/Pilot dogs • Hearing aides • Mobility aides • Medical alerts • Psychiatric/Mental health • P__________________

14. Therapy & Service • Dogs: Patient therapy • Animal Assisted Therapy (Table 21.1) • Geriatric, long-term care centers http://www.argontech.net/~leilani/aat.html • Psychiatric and recovery centers (example: Buckeye Ranch)

15. Therapy & Service • Dogs: Public assistance • Security – property, specific locations • Search & Rescue http://landofpuregold.com/disaster.htm • Tracking • Narcotics, Explosives detection • Cadaver locating • USDA “sniffers” (___________________)

16. Therapy & Service • Cats Potential careers • Personal assistance • Patient therapy

17. Research • Animals in ___________ Research • Focus on biomedical research • Animals as models for man and animals • Experimental design • Alternatives to animal use • Legislation

18. Research • Animals in Biomedical Research • Research for human benefit • Early medicine to current issues (200 AD veins → 1923 Insulin → 21st century gene therapies) • Research for ____________ benefit • Nutrition issues (taurine in cats) • Viruses and diseases (CWD, parvo, FeLV, parasites) • Developmental issues (large vs. small dog bone growth) • Research sites and funding • University and government (federal, state, public, industry) • Private (private, industry)

19. Research • Animals as models for man and animals • Numbers: 1.1 million in 2002 (less each year) • Species: rodents, rabbits, dogs, cats, horses, primates, reptiles, livestock, birds • Reasoning: • Applicability of results to target (people, animals) (p. 479) • Numbers, Size (housing, feeding, cleaning, handling) • Soundness of experimental design (confounding factors, quality control, repeatability) • Funding, cost issues • Ethics (Procedure training, preliminary testing in whole animal)

20. Research • Types of studies conducted (examples) • Pharmaceutical (cancer, parasites, medications) • N_________________________________ • Genetic (understanding and prevention) • Behavior (primates, cats, dogs, horses, livestock, birds, rodents) • E_____________

21. -_________ • -_________ • -_________ Research • Experimental design • Goals for animal use • Appropriate species • Legal procedures • Humane care • Goals for design • Control or reduce variables (Salk monkeys, nutrition) • Maximize repeatability (materials, subjects, conditions) • Control costs (facilities, sources, personnel, publication)

22. Reduce • Refine • Replace Research • Alternatives to animal use • Reduce: statistical methods, procedure choice & excellence, species choice • Refine: species choice, procedure choice (pain) • Replace: • Cell, tissue, organ culture • Molecular techniques (Ex: PCR) • Computer simulations • Video instruction • Artificial materials (ex: surgery instruction) • Concerns with using ONLY alternative methods?

23. Research • Legislation and limits • Animal Care laws • NIH animal care and use guidelines • AAALAC International (http://www.aaalac.org) • Animal welfare act (AWA) 1966, 1985 amended • ILACUC • HEC (veterinary patients, human subjects) • Pound seizure (few states, consider costs) • Other laws (see text)

24. Research • Legislation limits • Federal or state funding (NIH, NAS, NSF, etc) • Enforcement • Public interest, concern, involvement • Current disease concerns • Other contemporary issues • Public expectations of safety and efficacy • Options?

26. Topics • Choosing a pet • Behavior, social issues • Housing, environmental issues • Animals in therapy, research • Ethics, emotional issues • Pet loss, grief • Unwanted animals • Legal issues

27. Pet loss and Grief • Stages of grief • ___________ • Anger • Bargaining • ____________ • Acceptance • Pet loss

28. Pet loss • Reasons pets are lost • Runaway, disorientation (move, vacation) • Injury (HBC, gunshot, BBBD, other) • Illness (terminal, unmanageable) • Behavior • Unwanted, undesired

29. Pet loss • Options for handling remains • Burial (personal, private or group) • Cremation (private or group) • Donation (very selective situations) • Animal shelter (group burial, cremation or rendering) • Veterinary clinic (burial, cremation)

30. Cremation • Process = high heat incineration, ± pressure • Equipment = “retort” • Results = ‘____________’ Next step = container (urn, box, etc.) and final handling (burial, display, storage) http://www.paws2heaven.com

31. Pet loss • What next? • Donations and memorials (personal, clinic, foundations) • Sympathy cards and gifts • Follow up! • Calls, mail, email, visits • Counseling (private, group, time limits?) • Continuing education (professionals) • Replacing the pet……. • http://rainbowsbridge.com/Poem.htm

32. Pick One! Kiss the rest goodbye – there aren’t homes for them all.

33. Unwanted Animals • Responsible ownership (Q p. 511) • Irresponsible ownership • Definitions of terms • Causes • Solutions

34. Unwanted animals • Definitionsof commonly used terms (6) FREE-ROAMING UNWANTED Owned & Dumped_________________ ____________ WildFERAL CONTROLLED *animal control *shelters *rescue centers *foster homes *new home

35. Unwanted animals • Controlled populations • Animal control centers (city, county) • Humane societies (county, regional) • Shelters & hospitals (public, private) • R___________________________ • Foster homes • New homes • Costs??

36. Controlled Animals • Outcomes • About _____% euthanized (5-6 million/year in U.S.) • Other 50% • Some adopted • Some fostered • Some “mascots” • Some adopted → returned

37. Unwanted animals • Causes • Reasons for ownership end (companionship, sport/show, protection, etc) Examples: owner dies, family move or change, money or time issues, health or behavior problems • Overpopulation (not enough homes)

38. Legal issues & problems • Responsible parties for animal control • Pet owners – individual citizens • H______________________ • Local and state governments & agencies • Local and state law enforcement • Pet brokers, dealers, sellers • Breeders, purebred handlers • ___________________________

39. Legal issues & problems • Problems and hazards • Public health (ex: rabies) • Public safety (ex: bites = _______/yr) • Property damage (yards, cars) • Animal safety (songbirds, pets, livestock), ecology upsets • Disease transmission (waste → flies) • N__________ • Perception of animal need or worth

40. Unwanted animals • Solutions • PUBLIC EDUCATION • R________________________________ • PERSONAL SUPPORT • Own commitment to your pet • Population control efforts • Education efforts • Rescue organizations