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Taiwan ROC & Hong Kong

Taiwan ROC & Hong Kong. Postwar History. Republic of China 1912 -. First republic in Asia First president: Sun Yat-sen (1866 - 1925). Chiang Kai-shek. First constitutional president 1948 - 1975 Defeated by CCP in 1949 Retreated to Taiwan

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Taiwan ROC & Hong Kong

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  1. Taiwan ROC & Hong Kong Postwar History

  2. Republic of China 1912 - • First republic in Asia • First president: Sun Yat-sen (1866 - 1925)

  3. Chiang Kai-shek • First constitutional president • 1948 - 1975 • Defeated by CCP in 1949 • Retreated to Taiwan • Authoritarian rule for a quarter century

  4. ROC Government • President (4-year term after 1996) • The Five ``Yuan”: • Executive Yuan • Legislative Yuan • Judicial Yuan • Examination Yuan • Control Yuan • Provinces

  5. Taiwan before 1949 • Immigration from mainland China for centuries (Fujian and Hakka) • 1885, promoted from prefecture to province • 1895, ceded to Japan • 1945, returned to Republic of China • ``Taiwanese” versus ``mainlanders”

  6. Taiwan & Islands • Area: 13,900 square miles • Population: 22.7 million • Fujian 70% • Hakka 15% • “mainlanders” • 13%

  7. Comparison • area • mainland: 9,600,000 km2 • Taiwan: 36,000 km2 • population • mainland: 1.3 billion • Taiwan: 22.7 million

  8. Comparison • nominal GDP of 2002 • mainland: 1,237 billion US$ • Taiwan: 286 billion US$ • trade volume of 2002 • mainland: 621 billion US$ • Taiwan: 243 billion US$

  9. Time-lagged development • Land reform in Taiwan (1950s) and in mainland (1970s) • economic takeoff in Taiwan (1950s- ) and in mainland (1980s- ) • export promotion policies • tariff rebates (1950s vs. 1980s) • special economic zones (1960s vs. 1980s)

  10. Time-lagged development • Promotion of small and medium size enterprises in Taiwan (1960s- ) and in mainland (1980s- ) • currency exchange rate • 1960s vs. 1990s • Popular elections at the basic level

  11. Chiang’s One-China Policy • ``Mainland was temporarily usurped by communist bandits” • ``Gloriously retake the mainland” • Refused diplomatic relations with any country that recognized PRC • ROC was a permanent member of UN Security Council until 1971

  12. Lee Teng-hui (1923 - ) • Succeeded Chiang Kai-shek’s son as president of ROC and chairman of GMD in 1988 • Became the first popularly elected president of ROC in 1996 • Helped Democratic Progressive Party gain power in 2000

  13. Chen Shui-bian (1950 - ) • Leader of the Democratic Progressive Party • Inauguration in 2000

  14. Hong Kong

  15. Land & People • 422 square miles • Hong Kong Island • Kowloon Peninsular • New Territories • Outlying islands • 7 million residents • 95% Chinese

  16. Brief History • HK Island was occupied by UK in 1841 • New Territories on 99-year lease in 1898 • Occupied by Japan during World War II • Shanghai enterprises fled CCP forces in late 1940s (industrialization of HK) • One of the four ``Asian Little Tigers”

  17. Export & GDP 1960 - 1999

  18. Handover to PRC • Deng Xiaoping: “1 country, 2 systems” • PRC Constitution of 1982: S.A.R. • PRC & UK Joint Declaration in 1984 • 7th National People’s Congress adopted Basic Law of HKSAR in Beijing in 1990 • Became Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of PRC in July 1, 1997

  19. ``1 Country, 2 Systems” • Capitalist system and way of life shall remain unchanged for 50 years (B.L. A5) • HKSAR enjoys executive, legislative, and independent judicial power, including that of final adjudication (B.L. A2) • PRC Central Government responsible for defense and foreign affairs (B.L. A13-14)

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