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Health Effects of Air Pollution_Tao Xue

Health Effects of Air Pollution

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Health Effects of Air Pollution_Tao Xue

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  1. HealthEffectsofAirPollution: PRCProgressandRegional ChallengesinAsia TaoXue,TongZhu,&ARCHTeam PekingUniversity Nov2023@BAQ,Manila

  2. Outline Background:healtheffectsofair pollution CleanairactioninPRC:anquasi- experimentalhealthintervention Healthimpactassessment: enlargedbenefits&lowered inequality 4.AirqualitychallengesinAsia: CONTENTS Climate-related& anthropogenicpollution

  3. Background:health effects of airpollution 01

  4. Thelifelongcourseeffectsofairpollution Major outcomes Globalburdenofairpollution The4thleading riskfactor GlobalStatementofAir2020;Everybreathwe take:thelifelongimpactofairpollution,2016

  5. Unequaltoxicitiesofatmosphericpollutants PM2.5isachemicalmixture DifferentialeffectsforPM2.5components Xueetal.FaradayDis.2021 Sources underlying burdenof PM2.5- associated diseases LeadingsourceunderlyingPM2.5- relatedchildmortality Dust Residential bio-fuel Wildfire LietalEnvironInt2023 JHazardMater2023 EcotoxicolEnvironSaf2023

  6. Individualsvulnerabletoairpollution USEPAstatementsonPM2.5vulnerability Airpollutionvulnerability Vulnerability:sameexposure, more adverseoutcome • Childmortality • Respiratory • infection • Pretermbirth • Lowbirthweight • Stillbirth • Metabolic disorders • Aging

  7. 02CleanairactioninPRC:anquasi- experimentalhealthintervention

  8. CleanairactionsinPRC:2013tonow Airpollutionisacommonissue RapidlyreducedPM2.5pollution London,UKLosAngeles,US Stage2:BlueSkyAction Stage1:AirPollution Prevention&Control ActionPlan PRC’s newPM2.5 standard WHO air quality guideline Beijing,PRC NewDelhi,India Source：tapdata.org.cn

  9. Emission-controlpolicies&trendsinmajorairpollutants Emission controls Trends,2013-2020 O3 PM2.5 CCAPPreport,2023 Zhangetal.PNAS2019

  10. Observedhealthbenefitsfromcleanairintervention Quasi-experiment GroupsbyPM2.5reductiontarget orreal-world PM2.5reductions: Control≤5%vsTreat >5% Statisticalmodeltoshowpolicyeffect e.g.,DIDmodel: Between-groupdifferencerevealspolicyeffect Improved cognitivefunction Yaoetal.LancetHealthyLongev2022

  11. Cleanairactionsimprovedhealthinmultipledimensions Thesavedhouseholdmedical expenditureduetocleanair action:1%GDP • Improvedcognitivefunction • Reduceddepressiverisk • (LancetHealthyLongev2022;LancetReg • HealthWestPac2021;NatCommun,2019) 2013-2017 Withoutpolicy，theincreasedcost Householdmedicalcost Publicmedicalcost • Improvedlungfunction • (AnnAmThoracSoc2021) Householdmedicalexpenditure (RMBpercapita) (PLoSMed2021) • Improvedphysical mobility • (JGerontolA2021) • Improvedlipidprofiles • (EnvironInt2021) • Improvedkidneyfiltration • (HealthDataSci2022)

  12. 03Healthimpactassessment:enlarged benefits&loweredinequality

  13. Exposureandhealthimpactassessments Averageorbysubpopulations Healthimpactassessmentmodel Population-weightedaverage Bysex,ageandurban/ruralresidence Xueetal.NatlSciRev 2023

  14. Gainoflifeexpectancyduetocleanairactions Spatialdistribution Temperatrend Stage1:AirPollution Prevention&Control ActionPlan Stage2:BlueSky Action Xueetal.NatlSciRev2023

  15. HealthinequalityandprogressinPRC’scleanairactions Distributionofgainoflifeexpectancy EfficacyandEquality BlueSkyAction, Giniindex= 0.18 1/3Pop HealthBenefitsofAir QualityImprovement inPRChina AirPollution Prevention& ControlAction 1/4Pop Plan,Gini index=0.32 1/2Healthbenefit

  16. 04AirqualitychallengesinAsia:Climate- related&anthropogenicpollution

  17. Airpollutionsourceprofile,anddiseaseprofileinAsia SourcesunderlyingPM2.5deaths ProfileofdiseasesinAsia Bothanthropogenicand climate-related sourcescontributetoairpollutioninAsia https://vizhub.he althdata.org/gbd- compare/ Asiaisrichof environment-sensitive diseases,particularly forthevulnerable and children theelderly. McDuffieetal.NatCommun 2021

  18. Burdenofdiseasesattributabletoearly-lifePM2.5exposure PM2.5–relatedstillbirths O3–relatedchildmortality 0.83(0.54,1.08)million 0.15(0.02,0.28)million Xueetal.NatCommun2023 Xueetal.LancetPlanetHealth2023 Wildfire–relatedstillbirths Dust–relatedchildmortality 50,000(4,000–93,000) 1.26(0.26,2.07)million Xueetal.EnvironPollut2023 Wangetal.In preparation

  19. AtlasforBurdenofClimate-relatedDiseasesduetoEarly-life EnvironmentalExposures(ABCDE3) GBDresults Ourfindings ThepilotABCDE3projectforPRChina

  20. CarbonNeutrality:anopportunitytoremoveairpollution • On-timecarbonpeakcanavoid480,000prematuredeathsperyear • Carbonneutralitycanfurtheravoid1380,000prematuredeathsper year • Withcarbonneutrality,PM2.5canmeetWHOinterimtarget4 Chengetal.One-Earth2023

  21. Summary Cleanair actions inPRC Thecleanairactionscanbeaneffectivepublic healthinterventionwithuniversalcoverage,and thuspromotehealthequality. Airquality challengesin Asia (1)Moreanthropogenicemissions,(2)climate change and(3)increasedhumanvulnerabilitycan bringaheavierburdenofairpollution.Achieving carbonneutralityisonepossiblesolution.

  22. Thankyouforattentions txue@hsc.pku.edu.cn

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