CLEAN SKY Info Day Systems for Green Operations Integrated Technology Demonstrator (SGO-ITD) Toulouse, 1er Février 2011

1. CLEAN SKY Info Day Systems for Green Operations Integrated Technology Demonstrator (SGO-ITD) Toulouse, 1er Février 2011 Marc Fabreguettes (Thales)

2. Contents • Context & ITD organisation • Management of Aircraft Energy (MAE) • Overview • Example of development of MAE – technology • Mission and Trajectory Management • Overview • Example of development of MTM – technology • Additional material, Q&A

3. Clean Sky: An integrated and comprehensive approach TOTAL Budget: 1,6 B€ over 7 years Vehicle ITD Dassault Aviation & Fraunhofer Institute 116 M€ Eurocopter & AgustaWestland 159 M€ Airbus & SAAB 393 M€ Alenia & EADS CASA 174 M€ Green Regional Aircraft Eco-design For Airframe and Systems Smart Fixed-Wing Aircraft Green Rotorcraft Sustainable and Green Engines Clean Sky Technology Evaluator 31 M€ Rolls-Royce & Safran 421 M€ Transverse ITD for all vehicles Systems for Green Operations Liebherr & Thales 304 M€ SGO contributions to other ITDs

4. ITD SGO: Participants and Global Shares Airbus Alenia Fraunhofer Liebherr (co-Leader) Rolls – Royce Saab Safran Thales (co-Leader) GSAF 304M€ Total Budget ITD-leaders Associate Partners • Diehl Aerospace • DLR • EADS-IW • Galileo-Avionica • GSAF (cluster: UoC, NLR, Aeronamic, TU Delft, UoM) • University of Nottingham • Zodiac-intertechnique • Main Stakeholders of the domain present in the ITD SGO: • Airframers • Innovative European research centers • Systems suppliers • 15 members represented by 35 legal entities

5. SGO partners • To date (1st of February) • Von Karman institute • Université libre de Bruxelles • LMS • SONACA • GKN Industries • Aerotex • Fatronik • Envisa • U of Manchester • Atmosphere • U du Pirée • Open Airlines • Politecnico di Torino • GTD • Goodrich • Aeroconseil • Eaton • Skysoft • … many more to come !

6. European Commission (EC) Steering Committee (SC) Strategic review and funding aspects Governing Board (GB) Periodic review (every 3 months) Joint undertaking (JU) Project Managers Technical Managers MAE MAE MTM MTM Overall management Structure Project Management Committee (PMC) Reports every 3 months Day-to-day management WP Leaders (level 1) WP Leaders (level 2) WP management "as if it were a project by itself" Sub WP level Members Company project manager WP participant

7. ACARE October 2002 : The Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) 5 Challenges CLEAN SKY Air Transport System Efficiency Quality and Affordability Environment Safety Security October 2004 : The SRA 2 High level Target Concepts Customer oriented ATS 22nd Century Highly time-efficient ATS Very Low Cost ATS Ultra Green ATS Ultra Secure ATS From Challenges to Solutions • Power plant • Loads & Flow Control • New Aircraft Configurations • Low weight • Aircraft Energy Management • Mission & Trajectory Management • Power Plant • Mission & Trajectory Management • Configurations • Rotorcraft Noise Reduction Reduced fuel consumption (CO2 & NOx reduction) External noise reduction

8. SGO Environemental Objectives Systems for Green Operation objectives and impact – cycle 1 Management of Trajectory and Mission Management of A/C Energy Smart operation on Ground Optimized trajectories Energy Off-take / weight / drag reduction trade off Descent/approach optimisation Cruise optimisation Climb optimisation Reduced use of engine for taxi Reduce polluting fluids -1% to -2% fuel burn* -10% to -15% fuel burn* -10% to –15% fuel burn* -20% to –30% fuel burn* -2% fuel burn* -2 to –5dB** -2 to –3dB** Contrail reduction Per Flight phase Per mission Vehicle ITDs Technology Evaluator -2 to -5dB** -5 to -9% C02 reduction* * Values computed at aircraft level ** Single measurementpoints values – computed at aircraft level

9. Concept A/C models WP 4 AIRBUS Interface with other ITDs Technology Evaluator GRC WP2.3.2 Electrical energy generation and conversion MAE WP2.3.4 Electrical energy usage GRA WP2.3.5 Electrical energy control WP2.4.3 Architecture assessment ECO WP2.5 demonstrations MTM WP3.4 Large A/C applications SFWA WP3.7 SOG WP3.5 Regional applications Trade-off

10. Work Breakdown Structure WP0 Management WP5 Aircraft level assessment and exploitation WP1 Definition of aircraft solutions and V&V strategies WP4 Aircraft level demonstration WP2 Energy Management WP3 Mission and trajectories Management • Define: • what to do, • how to do it, • how to prove it Develop and verify solutions on ground, in simulators, … Integrate into A/C and demonstrate Assess at A/C level Activities

11. SGO/MTM – SESAR interface Through its actions on “Management of Trajectory and Mission”, the CLEANSKY Project will define, assess and deliver solutions, for different types of aircraft, to achieve fuel and noise-optimized profiles in a wide range of airports configuration TRL 3 TRL 4 TRL 5 TRL 6 Simulated FLIGHT TESTS with pilots in the loop on representative test benches Theoretical analysis of optimum (per aircraft / airport) Definition of the best compromise and fine tuning of the requirements (incl ops procedures) Design / development of FMS functions implementing the profile ATM Conops (Constraints / Opportunities) Design of Future ATM System: SESAR (Europe) / NextGen (US)

12. In other words … Both are needed for the future of air transport SESAR works primarily on traffic efficiency, CLEANSKY on “cars” improvement.

13. Contents • Context & ITD organisation • Management of Aircraft Energy (MAE) • Overview • Example of development of MAE – technology • Mission and Trajectory Management • Overview • Example of development of MTM – technology • Additional material, Q&A

14. Systems for Green Operation: the concepts • Pillar 1: Management of Aircraft Energy (MAE) • The use of all-electric equipment system architectures will allow a more fuel-efficient use of secondary power, from electrical generation and distribution to electrical aircraft systems. • Thermal management will address many levels, particularly relating to electric aircraft, from hot spots in large power electronics to motor drive system cooling, to overall aircraft solutions. • Pillar 2: Management of Trajectory and Mission (MTM) • The silent and agile aircraft will generate a reduced noise footprint during approach, both through design changes in aircraft systems which generate a large amount of noise and by flying optimised trajectories. • Aircraft will be able to fly a green mission from start to finish, thanks to technologies which allow to avoid fuel consuming meteorological hazards and to adapt flight path to known local conditions

15. Why Electrical Aircraft Equipment Systems • Energy Efficiency • More efficient and less wasteful, even when many of the resulting aircraft may be heavier and have more drag • Lower energy losses during conversion • Engines are freed from the constraints of a bleed off-take, improved SFC • Environmental Issues • Reduction in fuel consumption which relates to the energy efficiency effect • Elimination of hydraulic fluids • Logistics and Operational Maintenance • Deletion of hydraulic and pneumatic systems • Easier interfaces to the aircraft than with hydraulic or pneumatic connections • Reduction of variety of support equipment used today. Decreased life-cycle costs

16. Management of Aircraft Energy • Energy Management is needed • The next step in all-electric aircraft design is to manage the complete energy on-board • Electrical Load Management • Thermal Management • Management of Aircraft Energy (MAE) branch of SGO ITD encompasses all aspects of on-board energy provision, storage, distribution and consumption • MAE aims at developing electrical system technologies and energy management functions to reduce aircraft fuel consumption through • Development of all-electrical system architectures and equipment • Validation and maturation of electrical technologies up to TRL 6 by large scale ground and flight demonstrations.

17. MAE planning– Large Aircraft

18. Summary of achievements – Large Aircraft

19. MAE planning – Large Aircraft (cont‘d)

20. Summary of achievements – Large Aircraft (cont‘d)

21. MAE planning 2010 update – Other Aircraft

22. Summary of Achievements – Other Aircraft

23. Focus on one Technology Electrical Environmental Control System (E-ECS) Pack for Large Aircraft • Context • Input for CLEAN SKY from previous research project MOET • Objectives for CLEAN SKY • Status

24. Demonstrator development within the MOET project (FP6) – Input for CLEAN SKY • Achievements from MOET: • Demonstration of architecture feasibility • Development and validation of key technologies • Identification of potential benefit and improvement at aircraft level

25. E-ECS Objectives for Clean Sky Objectives for the JTI CLEAN SKY project: - Technology maturity validation up to TRL6 • Flight test validation • Pack weight optimization • Studies of advanced E-ECS architectures • Global cooling optimization by integrating the pack within aircraft thermal management system From ground to flight tests

26. E-ECS Pack - Status Status • Architecture specifications issued • Flight test demo: integration study based on installation requirements started • Preparation for safety of flight test campaign started • Ground test validation: for components performed, for the pack (system demo) close to completion Validation of turbomachinery (performance, integration, cooling Validation of air intakes Pack performance validation

27. TRL Plan – E-ECS (Mid Size Pack Demonstrator) 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 TRL 7 Demonstration in flight Dec 14 F.1 TRL 6 Complete system in a representative environment Dec 12 TRL 5 Components or models in a representative environment Technology Readiness Level (TRL) June 11 • TRL Plan defined with detailed definition of criteria at each gate • TRL3 Review passed November 2010 TRL 4 Components or models in laboratory environment TRL 3 technological Bricks Sept 10

28. Contents • Context & ITD organisation • Management of Aircraft Energy (MAE) • Overview • Example of development of MAE – technology • Mission and Trajectory Management • Overview • Example of development of MTM – technology • Additional material, Q&A

29. Systems for Green Operation: the concepts • Pillar 1: Management of Aircraft Energy (MAE) • The use of all-electric equipment system architectures will allow a more fuel-efficient use of secondary power, from electrical generation and distribution to electrical aircraft systems. • Thermal management will address many levels, particularly relating to electric aircraft, from hot spots in large power electronics to motor drive system cooling, to overall aircraft solutions. • Pillar 2: Management of Trajectory and Mission (MTM) • The silent and agile aircraft will generate a reduced noise footprint during approach, both through design changes in aircraft systems which generate a large amount of noise and by flying optimised trajectories. • Aircraft will be able to fly a green mission from start to finish, thanks to technologies which allow to avoid fuel consuming meteorological hazards and to adapt flight path to known local conditions

30. Trajectory optimisation in 3 flight phases Green cruise Green departure Green approach Approach Descent Climb Cruise T/O Noise NOx Contrails CO2 Fuel

31. FMS Green functions : Green Objectives CO2 emissions reduction -1 to -2% during cruise No persistent condensation trails formation NOx emissions any reduction, to assess Noise reduction -3dB for low altitude segment CO2 emissions reduction -10% during descent and approach phases NOx emissions any reduction, to assess Noise reduction -2dB for low altitude segment CO2 emissions reduction -15% during climb phase NOx emissions : any reduction, to assess Optimised multi step Improved CDA MCDP Approach Descent Climb Cruise T/O Env. Performance targets broken down into function objectives

32. MTM planning

33. Summary of Achievements / next steps

34. FMS Green functions : TRL roadmap 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 TRL 7 Demonstration in flight TRL Plan defined with detailed definition of criteria at each gate G.7 / MOSART TRL 6 Complete system in a representative environment TRL 5 Components or models in a representative environment G.6 / MOSART Technology Readiness Level (TRL) TRL 4 Components or models in laboratory environment Airlab / MOSART TRL 3 technological Bricks Improved CDA MCDP Optimised multi step in Cruise

35. MCDP – ECO Take off : concept Optimization of a Noise Abatement Departure Procedure (NADP) , with multiple criteria Multi-Criteria Departure Procedure (MCDP) Optimization of the Vertical profile. The lateral route is imposed NADP begins at 35ft and finishes at the en-route configuration (start of climb) Thrust: Take Off Rating  Intermediate Rating Climb Rating Speed: V35ft+DV2  Intermediate Acceleration  En-route Speed Optimisation Parameters Zpr : Thrust Cutback Altitude N1noise: Reduced Engine Rating Zpa : Acceleration Altitude Vnoise : Intermediate Speed Target Zpf : Setting of Climb Rating and Start of Acceleration to En-route Speed ΔV2 : fraction of speed at 35ft in excess of safety minimum (V2) Trajectory computed using OCTOPER: Airbus software for operational trajectory computations Acceleration V=Vnoise V=V35ft+ΔV2 Acceleration V=250kt Change of Aircraft Configuration Clean CONF V=250kt ALT=10000ft CLIMB THRUST Functional concept study completed

36. MCDP – Flight Management HMI • Evolution of Perf Take off FMD page and pilot interaction defined, and implemented (A661 based) • In line for Pilot evaluation end 2010 FM function specification Implementation in mock-up HMI modification

37. Model Development Overview Weather Planning System & Monitoring AC Position Simu. Time (Flight Plan) SIMET Model Grib Files Scenario files MFR Model Grib Files Pre-Processing & Importation tool DB queries Weather Rep. Weather Simulator Engine Some Images from MSG satellite and from French grounded based radar. Simulation Report Wind Force & direction Temperature, Humidity Icing, CAT, CB (Forecast /3h to FMS) A/C Position Simulation Time State Machine /1s Realistic weather model delivered (CfP) and integrated in Airlab Airlab Simulator

38. Contents • Context & ITD organisation • Management of Aircraft Energy (MAE) • Overview • Example of development of MAE – technology • Mission and Trajectory Management • Overview • Example of development of MTM – technology • Additional material, Q&A

39. CfPs call 8 • Early information on next call topics for SGO • (please refer to official call terms on CORDIS) • Optimisation of coating for low pressure operation of power electronics and identification of pass and fail criteria for respective corona testing • Current return simulation (methodology and tools) • Modelica Model Library Development • Study and characterisation of inverter behaviour within non pressurised area environment for electrical ECS • Flight Operations for novel Continuous DescentsIncluding assistance in preparation, execution and analysis of a flight simulator experiment

40. SGO Demonstration objectives 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 A320/A340? G.0 F.0 Ice protection G.5 F.0 G.0 G.1 PROVEN Electrical technologies G.1 MAE AVANT/A320 G.2 ECS, Skin heat exchanger, FCEPS 20kw (TBC) G.2 F.1 F.1 PROVEN Electrical technologies G.3 Thermal functions, high efficiency ECS, Multi-functional fuel cells AVANT G.4 A320 F.4 Vapor cycle ECS, Multifunctional Fuel cells F.4 F.3 A320 WVS F.2 F.2 MTM Green functions G.6 O3P/AIRLAB MOSART G.6 G.7 O3P/AIRLAB MOSART Green FMS G.7 External tractor for long taxi SOG A320 F.5 F.5 G.x Ground tests F.x Flight tests Initial Schedule Kick Off G.x/ Fx

41. Q & A