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VII. Fungal Diseases

VII. Fungal Diseases. A. Basic Properties of the Fungi B. Candidiasis C. Dermatomycoses D. Respiratory Fungal Infections. VII. A. Basic Properties of the Fungi. Cellular Structure Eukaryotic Cells Fungal Cell Wall Structure Chitin Cellulose Heterotrophic Metabolism Decomposers

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VII. Fungal Diseases

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  1. VII. Fungal Diseases A. Basic Properties of the Fungi B. Candidiasis C. Dermatomycoses D. Respiratory Fungal Infections

  2. VII. A. Basic Properties of the Fungi • Cellular Structure • Eukaryotic Cells • Fungal Cell Wall Structure • Chitin • Cellulose • Heterotrophic Metabolism • Decomposers • Some parasitic species

  3. VII. A. Basic Properties of the Fungi • Cell Arrangement • Molds & Fleshy Fungi • Hyphae • Septate & nonseptate hyphae • Mycelium • Yeasts • Dimorphic fungi

  4. VII. A. Basic Properties of the Fungi • Classification of the Fungi • By Reproductive Structures • Oomycetes • Water Molds • Motile sexual spores • Example: Potato blight Phytophthora

  5. VII. A. Basic Properties of the Fungi • Classification of the Fungi (cont.) • Zygomycetes • Unenclosed zygospores produced at ends of hyphae • Example: Black bread mold Rhizopus • Ascomycetes • Ascospores are enclosed in asci (sac-like structures) at the ends of hyphae or yeasts • Examples: Penicillium, Saccharomyces

  6. VII. A. Basic Properties of the Fungi • Classification of the Fungi (cont.) • Basidiomycetes • Basidiospores are produced on a club-shaped structure called a basidium • Example: Mushrooms, Cryptococcus • Deuteromycetes • “Imperfect fungi” • No sexual stage is known for these fungi • Many parasitic fungi fall into this class • Examples: Candida, Epidermophyton

  7. VII. B. Candidiasis • Cause: Candida albicans • Dimorphic fungus of the class Deuteromycetes • Grows as yeast or pseudohyphae • Spread by contact; often part of normal flora • Opportunistic infections common • Vulvovaginitis • Oral candidiasis (thrush) • Intestinal candidiasis

  8. VII. C. Dermatomycoses • Cause: Several genera of dermatophytic fungi • Trichophyton, an ascomycete • Microsporum, an ascomycete • Epidermophyton, a deuteromycete • Grow on skin, hair, nails • Transmitted by contact with infected persons or animals

  9. Tinea pedis Tinea corporis Tinea capitis Tinea favosa Tinea barbae Tinea cruris Tinea unguium VII. C. Dermatomycoses • Tinea infections: Red, scaly or blister-like lesions; often a raised red ring; “ringworm”

  10. VII. D. Respiratory Fungal Infections • Cryptococcosis • Cryptococcus neoformans • A yeast of class Basidiomycetes • Soil; esp. contaminated with bird droppings • Airborne to humans • Gelatinous capsules resist phagocytosis • Respiratory tract infections • Occasional systemic infections involving brain & meninges

  11. VII. D. Respiratory Fungal Infections • Histoplasmosis • Histoplasma capsulatum, an ascomycete • Airborne infection • Transmitted by inhalation of spores in contaminated spores • Associated with chicken & bat droppings • Respiratory tract symptoms; fever, headache, cough, chest pains

  12. VII. D. Respiratory Fungal Infections • Blastomycosis • Blastomyces dermatitidis, an ascomycete • Associated with dusty soil & bird droppings • Skin transmission: via cuts & abrasions • Raised, wart-like lesions • Airborne transmission: via inhalation of spores • Respiratory tract symptoms • Occasional internal infections with high fatality rate

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