setec

1. First Sino-French Conference On Sustainable Urban Transport Systems November 11-14, 2008 Shanghaï, China setec A Methodology for Sustainable Mobility and Transport Planning Studies Alain BLOCH / Setec International

2. setec Independent Engineering Group design…设计 master 控制 www.setec.fr

3. Table of Contents目录 A Methodology for Sustainable Mobility and Transport Planning Studies • A Brief presentation of the Setec Group • Why a transport planning study? • First phase: data collection and diagnosis • Second phase: objectives and general scheme • Third phase: tools, planning, programming, phasing • Remarks about: • Consultation • Modelling • Communication • Feasibility Study for a Public Transport Line: a practical example (City of Caen) 3

4. A Brief Presentation of the Setec Group Presentation Range of Services Our references Methodology • founded in 1957, the setec group is now one of France’s largest engineering firms; it is completely independent • Setec 集团创建于1957年，是法国重要的工程集团之一。 • in 2008, setec has a staff of almost 1,500 in France and abroad, among them 1,000 engineers • 在2008年，在法国及国外拥有1500多个合作伙伴。 • subsidiaries and branches abroad: Hungary, Iran, Japan, Luxemburg, Marocco, Russia, Tunisia 分别在匈牙利，伊朗，日本，卢森堡，摩洛哥，俄罗斯设立常驻机构。 • annual sales in 2007 (only French subsidiaries): 143 M€ • 2007年营业额为（仅法国分公司）：1.43 亿欧元 4

5. Presentation Range of Services Our references Methodology Ranges of Services 业务领域 transport economy & mobility 经济与交通 transport systems 运输系统 infrastructures 基础设施 buildings 建筑物 industry 工业 water and waste 水处理和垃圾处理 environement 环境保护 project management 项目管理 strategy, organisation 城市的战略，结构安排 urban and transport planning 规划，发展 telecommunications & Ict 远距离通讯及Ntic intelligent transport systems 远程交通运输 Consulting 评估 Design 设计 Supervision of Works 工程指挥 Assistance to the Owner 协助程承包人 for 5

6. Major projects 大型项目 Presentation Range of Services Our references Methodology Transport and infrastructures 交通运输与基础设施 Environement 环境 Urban planning 规划 Building 建筑 Industry 工业 Telecom 电讯 Tunnel sous la Manche 英法海底隧道 Tunnels 隧道 Autoroutes (A43, A87, A89,...)高速公路(A43,A87,A89…)‏ Economie des transports 交通经济 Ligne à Grande Vitesse Rhin-Rhône 高速线路莱茵河至罗纳 Transports en commun urbains 城市公共交通 Tramway de l’Agglomération Orléanaise 奥尔良城市及郊区轻轨 Infrastructures fluviales, maritimes et aéroportuaires 江河, 沿海及航空港的基础设施 Extension du port de la Condamine à Monaco 摩那哥的孔达米纳的密集型港口 Infrastructures ferroviaires 铁路基础设施 Ligne ferroviaire Lyon-Turin 里昂至都灵的铁路线 Systèmes et équipements 系统及设备 Déplacement et transport routier en Ile de France 大巴黎区的交通 Ponts et routes 桥梁与公路 Viaduc de Millau Millau 高架桥 6

7. Major projects 大型项目 Presentation Range of Services Our references Methodology Transport and infrastructures 交通运输与基础设施 Environement 环境 Urban planning 规划 Building 建筑 Industry 工业 Telecom 电讯 Déplacements urbains 城市交通 Déplacement et transport routier en Ile de France 大巴黎的交通和公路交通 Aménagement urbain 城市规划 Ville nouvelle de NORTH BAHRAIN 北BAHRAIN 新城 Déplacements urbains 城市交通 Révision du PDU de l’agglomération toulousaine 修正后的图卢兹城市及郊区的PDU Déplacements urbains 城市交通 Plan de déplacements urbains de l’ile-de-France (Paris)‏ 大巴黎区的城市移动图 7

8. Urban Public Transport城市公共交通 Design / Building of infrastructures 工程设计/基础设施建筑 Presentation Range of Services Our references Methodology Transport Economics 交通经济 Tramway des Maréchaux (Paris) 巴黎轻轨 Tramway in Orléans 奥尔良轻轨Tramways in Paris area巴黎郊区轻轨 Systems 系统 Rolling Stock / Equipments 车辆设备 8

9. Presentation Range of Services Our references Methodology Urban Public Transport 城市公共交通 Traditional metros: Marseille, Lyon, Paris (Eole, Meteor) 传统地铁：马赛，里昂， 巴黎（Eole, Meteor)‏ Automatic metros: Val de Lille, Toulouse, Rennes, SAT de Roissy 自动化地铁：Val de Lille, 图卢兹, Rennes, SAT de Roissy Light Metro Systems (Tramway): Paris City and Paris Suburb, Caen, Nantes, Nancy, Nice, Orléans, Rouen, Strasbourg, Toulon, Valenciennes 轻轨：巴黎及巴黎区，卡昂，南特，南锡，尼斯，奥尔良， BRT: Val de Marne, Rouen, Douai, Lyon, Cannes… 专用道巴士： Urban transportation Plans and Sustainable Mobility Policies: Ile-de-France (Paris), Monaco, Toulouse, Le Mans, Tours, Pau… 城市交通规划：大巴黎，摩纳哥，图卢兹，图尔．．． Intermodal nodes: Nantes, Cannes, Vannes, Ile-de-France 交通中转枢纽：南特，冈市，大巴黎．．． 9

10. Assistance à Maîtrise d’Ouvrage 甲方技术协助顾问 Études préalables / Expertises 项目预科研 / 评估 Maîtrise d’œuvre 项目设计总承包 Projets TCSP réalisés en France在法国的快速公交项目 Valenciennes Rouen Nancy Région parisienne Région parisienne Caen Orléans Nantes Toulouse Toulouse Nice Toulon

11. Études préalables / Expertises 项目预科研 / 评估 • Tram Maréchaux Est • Tram Maréchaux Ouest • Bus en site propre RN 305 • Tram Noisy-le-Sec / Val-de-Fontenay Maîtrise d’œuvre 项目设计总承包 • Tramway des Maréchaux Est • Tramway T2 Prolongement à Bezons • Tramway sur pneu CVV • Tramway Villejuif / Athis-Mons • Tramway SDEV (Tram Y) • TVM Prolongement Ouest ~ 45 km de ligne Projets TCSP réalisés - IDF在大巴黎的快速公交项目 大巴黎

12. Modelling 交通模型 Presentation Range of Services Our references Methodology Model “City of Paris”巴黎公路交通模型 Model “France”法国公路交通模型 Model “Caen PT”卡昂市公交模型 Model “Caen LV”卡昂市公路交通模型 12

13. Transport Modelling Presentation Range of Services Our references Methodology • Tools and methodology • A Practical Guidebook for Urban Modelling for CERTU • New software for the French Road Administration • Urban and regional models • Caen, Marseille, Reims, Toulon ,Toulouse area (multimodal models)‏ • Paris, Lyon, Bordeaux (road models)‏ • Tokyo, Varsovie, Dakar (road models)‏ • Intercity models • Passenger traffic: National Multimodal Model for the French Railways (RFF), numerous High-Speed Lines in France (multimodal), Gibraltar tunnel between Spain and Marocco (multimodal), numerous road traffic models for motorways in France and abroad • Goods traffic (multilodal): Lyons-Torino, Canal Seine-Nord Europe 13

14. Presentation Range of Services Our references Methodology Setec in China setec 在中国的项目 Opéra de Pékin (calcul des structures)‏ 国家歌剧院 (结构计算)‏ 14

15. Methodology: Why a transport planning study? Presentation Range of Services Our references Methodology Why analyzing mobility? • Chinese Cities: an exponential growth • Very important infrastructure works in a very short time • How to define a consistent transport system? • How to build an harmonious urban development and a sustainable transport system? • Analyzing mobility enables to answer various questions and problems: • Strategy, Planning • Programming • Estimate of economical and financial profitability • Design of networks • Environmental impact (noise, air pollution, greenhouse effect) 15

16. Methodology: 3 phases Presentation Range of Services Our references Methodology • Phase 1: Data Collection and Diagnosis • Phase 2: Definition of Objectives and General Concept • Phase 3: Tools and Plan of Action / Programming • Then Special Studies about the various proposed actions. • For instance, a Public Transport Project 16

17. Methodology / Phase 1: Data Collection & Diagnosis Aims Presentation Range of Services Our references Methodology • Getting an overall photo, and if possible, a dynamic analysis of the transport situation in a city in order to understand: • the socio-economic dynamic (population and employment growth, location of urban extensions, car ownership…)‏ • how each mode works and their relation with urban development • the volume and the structure of the trips • the dynamic of traffic: modal split, growth for each mode • Identifying the dysfunctions and the inconsistencies of the transport system Data to be collected (documentation, statistics, surveys)‏ Maps, aerial photos, Physical (including ITS) and service characteristics of all transport networks Urban planning existing documentation and projects Location and characteristics of specific traffic generators Socio-economic data (population, employment, car ownership…)‏ Transport surveys (household surveys – see special training by CERTU -, counts, origin-destination, car parking, travel times, location of congestion…)‏ Safety data (accidents)‏ Environmental problems… 17

18. Methodology / Phase 1: Data Collection & Diagnosis Examples 1: socio-economics Presentation Range of Services Our references Methodology Strong population growth / suburban sprawl² Car ownership increases with the distance to the centre 18

19. Methodology / Phase 1: Data Collection & Diagnosis Examples 2: structure of trips Presentation Range of Services Our references Methodology The household survey makes appear the main problems to be solved A more accurate analysis of the household survey shows that inside four areas in the suburb half of the trips stay inside each of these areas 19

20. Modal Split 2004 2007 2004 2007 All modes Mechanical modes Walk 23.0% 23.1% Bikes 4.9% 5.6% 6.4% 7.3% Car passenger 13,1% 12.0% 17.0% 15.6% Car driver 49,6% 47.0% 64.4% 61.1% Public transport 9,4% 12.4% 12.2% 16.1% TOTAL 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Methodology / Phase 1: Data Collection & Diagnosis Examples 3: use of metro Presentation Range of Services Our references Methodology The opening of a second metro line has got a huge impact upon modal split… However, only 35-40% of the population is served by metro 20

21. Distribution of financing mechanical modes in Paris area households companies public authorities actors public transportation private car Methodology / Phase 1: Data Collection & Diagnosis Example 4: transport costs Presentation Range of Services Our references Methodology households companies public authorities actors public transportation private car Because of suburban sprawl and intensive car use, the biggest part of transport costs is paid by households 21

22. Methodology / Phase 2: Objectives and general cpncept Type of questions to be answered by local leaders Presentation Range of Services Our references Methodology • What urban development within 20 years? • Volume and location of population and employment? • Type of town planning (dense, spread, one or several centres, mixed or specialized – population, employment - areas…) ? • What place for each mode (car, public transport, walk, bike…) in the various areas of the City? • What role for car in the centre? • What use for the various rings (if any)? • What objectives in terms of emission of greenhouse effect gas? • Who has to pay for transport? 22

23. Methodology / Phase 2: Objectives and general cpncept Constraints to be taken into account Presentation Range of Services Our references Methodology • Functional: some measures may produce bad effects • Time: concrete actions must be decided quickly why some measures need long time • Money: of course! • People: the transport policy must be acceptable 23

24. Methodology / Phase 2: Objectives and general concept Type of possible schemes (for the various modes separately and combined)‏ Presentation Range of Services Our references Methodology • Radial? • Radio-concentric? • Networking? 1 change, long trips 1 or 2 changes, short trips 1 change, short trips 24

25. Methodology / Phase 3: Tools, planning, programming… 4 main types of complementary tools Presentation Range of Services Our references Methodology 1. Long-term actions Consistent transport & town planning policies 2. Orientating the transport demand Transport masterplan (city, firms)‏ E-ways of life Tolls (infrastructures, areas…)‏ Car parking Multimodal ticket Public transport fare Action for walk and bike Carless spaces Control and punishment 3. Improving transport services • Intermodal nodes • Improving PT services • Ticketting/Information • Dynamic management of road • Carpooling, carsharing… • Taxis… 4. Developing transport supply • Metro, tramway, BRT, bus • Roads • Using railways for urban trips 25

26. Methodology / Phase 3: Tools, planning, programming… Some tools: Town Planning Presentation Range of Services Our references Methodology • Town Planning is the first lever to be used in order to master or reduce car using : • Consistence between transport masterplan and town planning • At the scale of local area developments • The town planners have to consider • Density vs urban sprowl • Mixed areas (housing and activities) vs specialized areas • One center or several hierarchized centers 26

27. Methodology / Phase 3: Tools, planning, programming… Presentation Range of Services Our references Methodology 27

28. Methodology / Phase 3: Tools, planning, programming… Some tools: Use the modes complementarity Presentation Range of Services Our references Methodology 28

29. Methodology / Phase 3: Tools, planning, programming… Some tools: Developing Public Transport Presentation Range of Services Our references Methodology • At City scale • Developing complementary networks • Organizing intermodal nodes • Finding financing sources • At area scale • Sharing space • Multimodal information • At individual scale • Fighting poor image • Comfort, safety, price... 29

30. Methodology / Phase 3: Tools, planning, programming… Some tools: Levers to master road traffic Presentation Range of Services Our references Methodology • Developing a car parking policy • Easy and efficient ☺ • Discrimination by time ☺ • But sometimes unpopular ☹ • Difficulty to master private car parking ☹ • Urban toll • Flexible ☺ • A financing source ☺ • Discrimination by money ☹ • Difficult and expensive to operate ☹ 30

31. Methodology / Phase 3: Tools, planning, programming… Some tools: Developing « light » modes (Walk, Bike)‏ Presentation Range of Services Our references Methodology • At City scale • Developing long-distance routes (continuity)‏ • Reducing urban breaks, defining a network • At area scale • Thinking of pedestrians and bikers (cyclists)‏ • Sharing public space • Creating short ways for pedestrians and bikers • At individual scale • Fighting poor image • Health 31

32. Methodology / Phase 3: Tools, planning, programming… Presentation Range of Services Our references Methodology • Planning • Long-term scheme • General orientation • Programming • Medium-term programme • Pluri-annual financing • Phasing • Adaptation to transport needs • Adaptation to financial capabilities 32

33. Methodology / Remarks Presentation Range of Services Our references Methodology • Consultation • Various authorities must find a concensus • Public consultation: compulsory in France (PDU) • Modelling • A support decision tool • Enables evaluation (carbon assessment) • Communication • Necessity to explain policies • Acting upon individual behaviours 33

34. Methodology / Remarks Presentation Range of Services Our references Methodology Why modelling traffic and mobility? • Choices are made by politic leaders whoneedadecision support tool • Complexphenomena, now and in the future • Important impact of investmentsupon people life and public finances • A model enables to know the sensitivity to variousparameters • A model isnecessarelyschematic but it must not be a caricature • Must bebased on reality (importance of fieldsurveys) • Must be transparent (data, assumptions) • Must beconsidered as a toolusedwithcriticalthinking • A model is not a simple software but a complexprocess, including: • Data bases • Mathematic formula • Computer tools • Urban and socio-economicanalysis and assumptions • Criticalanalysis of results, riskanalysis 34