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Nutrition in Plants (part 2): Fate of Glucose in Leaves & Absorption and Action spectrum

At the end of the lesson, students will be able to understand: <br>i. transport of water and mineral salts<br>ii. the fate of glucose in leaves<br>iii. adaptations of the leaf to photosynthesis<br>iv. the absorption and action spectrum

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Nutrition in Plants (part 2): Fate of Glucose in Leaves & Absorption and Action spectrum

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  1. Transport of water and mineral salts

  2. Xylem and phloem ? Xylem brings water and dissolved mineral salts to the leaf from the soil via the roots ? Phloem transport manufactured sugars from green cells to all the plant cells Back

  3. Transport of Water and Minerals in Plants ? Most plants secure the water and minerals they need from their roots. ? The path taken is: soil -> roots -> stems -> leaves ? The minerals (e.g. K+, Ca2+) travel dissolved in the water (often accompanied by various organic molecules supplied by root cells)

  4. Entry of water and mineral salts into the leaf ? Veins in the leaf form fine branches which end among the mesophyll cells ? Veins contain xylem and phloem ? Water and mineral salts diffuse out of xylem then further diffuse from cell to cell through the mesophyll of the leaf ? Once essential raw materials are received, photosynthesis occurs ? Manufactured food are transported via the phloem to all plant cells

  5. Fate of glucose in Leaves Photosynthesis Glucose Lipids and oils - for storage - for synthesis of new protoplasm - used in cellular respiration Amino acids and proteins e.g enzymes Starch (storage) e.g. in potatoes Sucrose (storage) - in fruit Lignin - structural material in wood Cellulose cell walls Refer to pg. 125 Bio textbook

  6. Mineral Nutrition ? Plants use simple inorganic substances to manufacture complex organic compounds ? Conversion of glucose into more complex compounds require elements e.g. i) nitrogen → for growth ii) magnesium → is part of the chlorophyll in all green plants and essential for photosynthesis which plants obtain from mineral salts

  7. Mineral nutrition Types of elements 1. Trace elements 2. Essential elements Trace elements: needed in small amounts; mostly obtained from soil e.g. boron, iodine Essential elements: necessary for healthy plant growth e.g. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur

  8. Summary

  9. Photosynthesis

  10. Refer to pg.114 textbook Adaptations of the leaf to photosynthesis Any broad and flattened region of a plant or alga, which allows for increased photosynthetic surface area click me! click me! click me! click me! click me! click me!

  11. Absorption spectrum

  12. Lesson Objectives ? Absorption and action spectrum ? Tests for factors involved in photosynthesis - Test for starch in leaves - To test if sunlight is necessary for photosynthesis - To test if carbon dioxide is necessary for photosynthesis - To test if chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis - To test for the gas given out during photosynthesis - To investigate the effect of different light intensities on the rate of photosynthesis - To investigate the effect of different temperatures on the rate of photosynthesis

  13. Lesson Objectives ? Why do some plants have coloured leaves? Does that mean that they don’t have chlorophyll? ? Why some plants change colour during the seasons ? Absorption and action spectrum ? Limiting factors ? Experiments to test the factors in photosynthesis

  14. Why are plants green? Presence of chlorophyll in chloroplast makes plants green ? Why do we perceive plants as green?

  15. Visible light is a part of a larger spectrum of radiation called the electromagnetic spectrum Electromagnetic spectrum

  16. We perceive the colours of objects because… The wavelengths of light is either absorbed or reflected We see only the reflected wavelengths of light

  17. Why are some leaves permanently red or yellow ? ? There are a number of different pigments in plants. 1. 1. Chlorophyll Chlorophyll most prevalent photosynthetic pigment 2. Carotenoids any leaves that contain them in predominance appear yellow, orange or red. Examples: beta-carotene - orange colour lutein - yellow colour

  18. Why do plants change colour in autumn? ? In leaves, the carotenoids are usually masked by the chlorophyll ? In the autumn, as the quantity of chlorophyll in the leaf declines, the carotenoids become visible and produce the yellows and reds of autumn foliage

  19. Variegated leaves Chlorophyll is present only in different areas of the leaves

  20. Absorption and action spectrum Absorption spectrum is the spectrum used to measure absorption of the various wavelengths of light Action spectrum is an indicator of which wavelength of light can be used by a plant to allow photosynthesis Pg.121 textbook

  21. Absorption and action spectrum

  22. Limiting factors Definition: Any factor that directly affects a process if its quantity is changed sunlight Carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen + water vapour chlorophyll Rate of photosynthesis is affected by external factors such as: 1. Concentration of CO2 2. Light intensity 3. Temperature

  23. Limiting factors Effects of various factors on the rate of photosynthesis

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