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Hormones (part 2): Adrenaline and comparison of nervous and hormonal systems

Students should be able to: <br>- state the role of the hormone adrenaline in boosting blood glucose levels and give examples of <br>situations in which this may occur

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Hormones (part 2): Adrenaline and comparison of nervous and hormonal systems

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  1. Adrenaline

  2. Scenario: The examinations are only one week away and yet Daniel had not started revising his work. Describe how he would be feeling now and the changes that are taking place in his body due to this feelings.

  3. Adrenal medulla Produces adrenaline During conditions of fear, anxiety and stress ▪ ▪

  4. Effects: (prepares body for “fight or flight”/states of emergency) 1. Breakdown of glycogen → glucose (in liver and muscles) → increases blood glucose concentration (to heart + skeletal muscles) 2. Increases metabolic rate (↑ energy release in tissue respiration) 3. ↑ heartbeat rate; ↑ blood pressure (faster transport of glucose + O2) 4. Constricts arteries in skin (pallor) → more blood to muscles 5. ↑ coagulation rate of blood 6. Relaxes bronchioles (↑ air flow to lungs) 7. Pupil dilation (enhances vision) 8. Hair muscle contraction (“goose pimples”)

  5. Sex Hormones

  6. Gonads Testes produce testosterone Stimulated by hormone from pituitary gland Effects: 1. Controls male body characteristics development (fetal stage) 2. Development of primary (maturation of sex organs) + secondary (voice deepening + growth of facial + pubic hair) sexual characteristics ▪ ▪

  7. Ovaries ▪ produces oestrogen + progesterone ▪ stimulated by hormone from pituitary gland Effects: Oestrogen: → controls female sex organ development → secondary sexual characteristics (breasts development + broadening of pelvis) Progesterone: → uterus preparation for embryo implantation → enlargement of mammary glands (pregnancy) → prevents ovulation

  8. Similarities btw hormonal and nervous control ▪ Both serve as a means of coordination within the body Stimulus Transmission of message Effector (response)

  9. Differences between nervous and hormonal controls

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