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Hormones

Hormones. By Frank Corbett. Estrogens. The primary female sex hormones.

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Hormones

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  1. Hormones By Frank Corbett

  2. Estrogens • The primary female sex hormones. • Estrogens can be either steroidal, or non-steroidal. As we all know, steroid hormones can enter the plasma membrane, and bind inside the nucleus in order to retrieve DNA instructions on producing proteins. Non-steroidal Estrogens can only bind to the surface of the plasma membrane. • Are produced mainly in the ovaries/ fallopian tubes of the female. • Has Alcohol and methyl functional groups.

  3. Steroidal Estrogens • The most commonly occurring estrogen hormones are Estrone, Estradiol, and Estriol. • From the beginning of puberty, to menopause, Estradiol is the most common, however, once a female reaches menopause, Estrone is the most prominent. • Promote female characteristics (I.E. larger breasts, hip widening, increase of body hair, and rounding of the face).

  4. Effects of Estrogens • Reduces muscle mass. • Causes thickening and re-formation of bone. • Thickens the vaginal wall. • Promotes production of alveoli in lungs. • Increases levels of cholesterol in bile. • Increases production of binding proteins. • Increases platelet adhesiveness. • Aids in water, and electrolyte retention. • Plays vital roles in fetal production. • Regulates the menstrual cycle and egg production/maturation.

  5. Estrogen in Disease & Reproduction • 80% of breast cancers are hormonal based, and rely on supplies of estrogen. • Can be used in males to slow the progression of prostate cancer by tricking the hypothalamus into stopping testosterone production, mistaking estrogen for testosterone) • Too much estrogen in the body can cause breast pain, weight gain, and prolonged bleeding, each of which may lead to more serious conditions. • When a pregnancy occurs, estrogen levels rise dramatically, signaling the body to stop the production of eggs.

  6. Angiotensinogen • Peptide based hormone. • Causes blood vessels to enlarge or constrict, increasing or decreasing blood pressure in the body. • Belong to a group known as angiotensins. • Also causes the release of aldosterone from the adrenal gland, which regulates sodium retention, as well as other chemical levels in/around the kindneys. • Is an Amine.

  7. Angiotensinogen in the body/disease. • Deficiency causes abnormally, and dangerously low blood pressure. • Too much has the opposite effect; higher blood pressure.

  8. Bibliography • http://www.prostate-cancer.com/prostate-cancer-glossary/estrogen.html • http://www.endocrineweb.com/endocrinology/overview-ovaries • http://hyper.ahajournals.org/content/32/2/223.full

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