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Introduction to Biochemistry

Introduction to Biochemistry. Hey, I’ve got a bipolar disorder and have a double personality. I’m very positive and negative at the same time!. Biochemistry: The unique properties of water. δ + .

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Introduction to Biochemistry

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  1. Introduction to Biochemistry

  2. Hey, I’ve got a bipolar disorder and have a double personality. I’m very positive and negative at the same time! Biochemistry: The unique properties of water δ + Hydrogen bonding is when the partial + charge on Hydrogen is attracted to the partial – charge of another compound. δ + δ - Water molecules have polar covalent bonds. Water is attracted to other through relatively weak Hydrogen bonds.

  3. Biochemistry: The unique properties of water Can water form ions? Yes, at a very small rate (1 out of 500,000,000!) + - H+ + OH- H2O How would you quantify (count) this ionic disassociation? The pH scale pH The “power of Hydrogen” scale

  4. [H+] >[OH-] Stomach Acid, lemon juice Increasingly Acidic  Vinegar, cola Tomato juice Black coffee; Rainwater Urine [H+] = [OH-] Neutral Pure water; Human blood Seawater Milk of magnesia  Increasingly Basic Household ammonia [H+] <[OH-] Household bleach Oven cleaner

  5. H O O O O O H H H H H H H H H H H O Organic Compounds: An Overview Besides water, what elements and compounds are essential to life? Organic compounds • Mostly contain Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sulfur* Carbon C C C C C C

  6. C C C C C C HO H HO OH C C C C H H H OH Carbon = The element of life! a. Carbon’s Valence has ____ electrons b. Can bond with ____ elements c. Can form chains, rings, branches, & isomers 4 4

  7. Organic Compounds: Carbohydrates Can you believe that each of your cells contains about 2 meters of me? Hurry up, Lipids! You should have more energy stored up than this! Organic compounds (continued…) • Four categories of organic compounds: • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins • Nucleic Acids • All formed and separated in similar ways • Formation (Polymerization): Dehydration Synthesis • Separation: Hydrolysis Hi there! My name is Polly Peptide. Hey Sugar, I sure am happy that you’re a Carbohydrate like me. Awww, how sweet! Does this bond structure make me look fat?

  8. Bonding: Polymerization Polymerization • Polymerization (definition): • Forming of large organic macromolecules by the joining of smaller repeating units called monomers

  9. Dehydration Synthesis is the removal of a water molecule to form a new bond. Bonding: Polymerization: Dehydration Synthesis Dehydration Synthesis 1 2 3 HO HO H H Short Polymer Monomer H2O Dehydration removes a water molecule forming a new bond 1 2 3 4 HO H

  10. Bonding: Polymerization: Hydrolysis Hydrolysis • Polymers are broken by adding water. • Literally, “Water Splitting” H2O 1 2 3 4 HO H Hydrolysis adds a water molecule to break a bond 1 2 3 HO H HO H Monomer Short Polymer

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