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Introduction to Nephrology: Essential Guide to Kidney Health and Disease

Discover the vital role of nephrology in maintaining kidney health, understanding common kidney diseases, their symptoms, risk factors, diagnostic methods, treatment options, and preventive measures for a healthier life.<br>

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Introduction to Nephrology: Essential Guide to Kidney Health and Disease

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  1. Nephrology Understanding Kidney Health and Disease

  2. Introduction to Nephrology Definition: Nephrology is a branch of medicine that deals with the study and treatment of kidney diseases. Kidneys: Essential organs responsible for filtering blood, removing waste, and balancing electrolytes.

  3. Functions of the Kidneys Filtration: Removal of waste products and excess substances from the bloodstream. Regulation: Maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance, blood pressure regulation, and acid-base balance. Hormone Production: Production of hormones like erythropoietin (stimulates red blood cell production) and renin (regulates blood pressure).

  4. Common Kidney Diseases • Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Long-term condition characterized by gradual loss of kidney function. • Acute Kidney Injury (AKI): Sudden onset of kidney failure or damage. • Glomerulonephritis: Inflammation of the kidney's filtering units (glomeruli). • Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD): Genetic disorder causing numerous cysts in the kidneys.

  5. Symptoms of Kidney Disease • Early Symptoms: Fatigue, swelling in the legs and ankles, frequent urination, foamy urine. • Advanced Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, muscle cramps, shortness of breath.

  6. Diagnosis Risk Factors • Diabetes: Leading cause of kidney disease. • Hypertension: High blood pressure can damage kidney blood vessels. • Family History: Genetic predisposition to kidney diseases. • Age: Risk increases with age. • Lifestyle: Poor diet, smoking, and lack of exercise. • Blood Tests: Measure levels of creatinine and urea to assess kidney function. • Urine Tests: Check for protein, blood, and other abnormalities. • Imaging: Ultrasound, CT scan, and MRI to visualize kidney structure. • Biopsy: Sampling kidney tissue for microscopic examination.

  7. Treatment Prevention • Medications: Manage symptoms, control blood pressure, and reduce proteinuria. • Diet and Lifestyle: Low-sodium diet, fluid management, and regular exercise. • Dialysis: Artificial blood filtration when kidneys fail. • Kidney Transplant: Replacement of a diseased kidney with a healthy donor kidney. • Regular Check-ups: Early detection and management of risk factors. • Healthy Lifestyle: Balanced diet, regular physical activity, and avoiding smoking. • Control of Blood Sugar and Pressure: Effective management of diabetes and hypertension.

  8. Interesting Facts • Kidney Size and Function: Each kidney is about the size of a fist and filters approximately 120-150 quarts of blood daily. • Silent Disease: Many kidney diseases progress silently without symptoms until advanced stages. • Regenerative Medicine: Research in stem cell therapy and bioengineering for potential kidney regeneration and repair. • Conclusion • Awareness: Increasing awareness and education about kidney health can help prevent and manage kidney diseases effectively. • Importance: Healthy kidneys are vital for overall well-being and longevity.

  9. Contact Information Phone 75985 09767 Website https://karpagamhospital.in Address Karpagam Hospital, Pollachi Main Road, Othakkalmandapam, Coimbatore – 641 032, Tamil Nadu, India.

  10. THANK YOU

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