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Evidence for mammals as amplification hosts of WNV

The cottontail rabbit, chipmunk and squirrel can be a source of WNV ... Rabbits, chipmunks and squirrels develop viremias sufficient to infect known ...

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Evidence for mammals as amplification hosts of WNV

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    1. Evidence for mammals as amplification hosts of WNV

    K.B. Platt and W.A. Rowley Iowa State University

    2. Background

    The mosquito-bird-mosquito paradigm Mammals might be more important than previously believed especially those that occur in peridomestic settings

    3. Focus points

    Low levels of viremia can be infective for zoophilic and opportunistic mosquitoes. The cottontail rabbit, chipmunk and squirrel can be a source of WNV for mosquitoes. The potential for a mosquito-mammal-mosquito enzootic cycle exists.

    4. Susceptibility of 3 mosquito species to WNV infection

    Serum WNV titer of chickens (log PFU/ml) % Infected *

    5. WNV transmission by 3 mosquito species

    Serum WNV titer of chickens (log PFU/ml) % Transmission *

    6. WNV transmission by 3 mosquito species

    Serum WNV titer of chickens (log PFU/ml) % Transmission *

    WNV viremia profile of infected cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus) Percent infection (#) of select mosquito species that fed on WNV-infected cottontail rabbits WNV viremia profile of infected chipmunks (Tamias striatus) n=1 Immunoperoxidase staining of tissue from WNV-infected chipmunks Small intestine Kidney WNV antigen WNV antigen Serum WNV titer (log PFU/ml) n=2

    11. WNV viremia profile of infected fox squirrels (Sciurus niger)

    Minimum infective titer observed

    12. Summary and conclusions

    Rabbits, chipmunks and squirrels develop viremias sufficient to infect known enzootic and bridge vectors. Implications of a mosquito-mammal-mosquito enzootic cycle in suburban areas can not be underestimated relative to the epidemiology of WNV. Support for these studies provided by the CDC (Grant # 1RO1C1000267-01)

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