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Timeline Australian History 1521 - 1900

Timeline Australian History 1521 - 1900

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Timeline Australian History 1521 - 1900

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  1. Time Time Line Line 1900 1521 Australian History 1521 - 1900

  2. Timeline Australia History

  3. Timeline Australia History 1623:Dutch captain Jan Carstensz navigated the Gulf of Carpentaria aboard the Pera and Arnhem. The Arnhem crossed the Gulf to reach and name Groote Eylandt. First white child in Australia was Born. Seebaer van Nieuwelant (born 27 July 1623), son of Willemtgen and Willem Janszoon, was born south of Dirk Hartog Island, in present-day Western Australia. 1629: VOC ship Batavia wrecked on Houtman Abrolhos, off Geraldton. Mutiny ensued and at least 110 men, women and children were murdered. First European structure in Australia – Wiebbe Hayes Stone Fort on West Wallabi Island. 1642: Dutch explorer Abel Tasman explored the west coast of Tasmania, landed on its east coast and named the island Anthoonij van Diemenslandt. 1656:In 1656 the Vergulde Draeck struck a submerged coral reef midway between what are now the coastal towns of Seabird and Ledge Point, Western Australia. On board were 193 crew, eight boxes of silver coins worth 78,600 guilders and trade goods to the value of 106,400 guilders. Of the 193 crew, 118 are believed to have perished. The initial 75 survivors, including the ship's captain Pieter Albertszoon, and the under steersman, made it to shore. They had with them the ship's boat, a schuyt, along with a small amount of provisions and stores washed on shore. 1521: Several writers have argued that Portuguese expeditions visited Australia at this time However, historians generally disagree and the evidence remains contentious 1606: The Dutch East India Company (VOC) ship Duyfken, under Captain Willem Janszoon, explored the western coast of Cape York Peninsula, near what is now Weipa. This was the first recorded landfall by a European on Australian soil. Spanish seaman Luís Vaz de Torres sailed through the Torres Strait, between Australia and New Guinea, along the latter's southern coast. Torres reported 'shoals', some of which may have been the northernmost atolls of the Great Barrier Reef. 1616: Dutch captain Dirk Hartog in the Eendracht made the second recorded landfall by a European, at Dirk Hartog Island on the western coast of Australia. He left a commemorative plate, the Hartog Plate. 1618: VOC ship Mauritius under command of Supercargo Willem Janszoon, landed near North West Cape, near the modern town of Exmouth, and named Willem's River, later renamed Ashburton River. 1622: The English ship Tryall sighted Point Cloates on the west coast of Australia. The Tryall was wrecked on Tryal Rocks, northwest of the Montebello Islands, crew spent seven days ashore before sailing a longboat to Bantam in Java – this was the first recorded shipwreck in Australian waters and first extended stay in Australia by Europeans

  4. Timeline Australia History World map of Nicolas Desliens (1566) part of the Dieppe Maps The Vallard map, with part of it rotated at 90 degrees, and the claimed locations by Peter Trickett in Beyond Capricorn. The central plank of the theory of Portuguese discovery of Australia suggests the continent called Jave la Grande, which uniquely appears on a series of 16th-century French world maps. The theory of Portuguese discovery of Australia claims that early Portuguese navigators were the first Europeans to sight Australia between 1521 and 1524, well before the arrival of Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon in 1606 on board the Duyfken who is generally considered to be the first European discoverer.

  5. Timeline Australia History 1681:English navigator John Daniel on the New London charted the west coast of Australia, including Rottnest Island and the Wallabi Group of the HoutmanAbrolhos. 1688: English explorer William Dampier explored the west coast of Australia. 1696: Dutch explorer Willem de Vlamingh charted the southwestern coast of Australia, making a landfall at Rottnest Island and the site of the present-day city of Perth. Abel Janszoon Tasman 1603 – 10 October 1659) was a Dutch seafarer, explorer, and merchant, best known for his voyages of 1642 and 1644 in the service of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). He was the first known European explorer to reach New Zealand and the islands of Fiji and Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania). Willem Hesselsz de Vlamingh (November 1640 – c.1698) was a Dutch sea captain who explored the central west coast of New Holland (Australia) in the late 17th century, where he landed in what is now Perth on the Swan River. The mission proved fruitless, but he charted parts of the continent's western coast. William Dampier September 1651; died March 1715) was an English explorer, pirate, privateer, navigator, and naturalist who became the first Englishman to explore parts of what is today Australia, and the first person to circumnavigate the world three times. He has also been described as Australia's first natural historian. as well as one of the most important British explorers of the period between Francis Drake .

  6. Timeline Australia History 1788:Captain Arthur Phillip of the (First Fleet), having decided to sail ahead of the rest of the fleet to prepare for the new settlement, sighted the coast of Van Diemen's Land. At 2:15 pm, the brig HMS Supply anchored on the northern side of Botany Bay. He began exploring the surrounding countryside and made contact with the Aboriginal Australians. In the morning, the transports Alexander, Friendship and Scarborough arrived at Botany Bay, watched by a large number of Indigenous Australians who gathered on Point Solander. The remaining seven ships of the First Fleet, led by HMS Sirius, anchored in Botany Bay. Deciding that Botany Bay was unsuitable for settlement, Captain Arthur Phillip set out with a party in three open boats to seek out another site. He later reported to Lord Sydney, British Secretary of State; "We got into Port Jackson early in the Afternoon, and had the satisfaction of finding the finest harbour in the world, in which a thousand Sail of the line may ride in the most perfect security." He selected a cove with a stream and named it Sydney Cove. The French ships Boussole and Astrolabe commanded by Jean- François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse appeared off Botany Bay. Captain Phillip sailed out of Botany Bay aboard the Supply and reached Sydney Cove in the evening. 1770:English Lieutenant James Cook's expedition in HMS Endeavour charted the eastern coast, and claimed it for the British Crown. Australia was dubbed "terra nullius i.e., according to the European legal precepts of the era, it was unclaimed by any sovereign nation. Captain James Cook FRS (7 November 1728 – 14 February 1779) was a British explorer, cartographer and naval officer famous for his three voyages between 1768 and 1779 in the Pacific Ocean and to New Zealand and Australia in particular. 1787:The First Fleet of 11 ships, led by Governor Arthur Phillip, departed from Great Britain for Australia to begin European colonisation.

  7. Timeline Australia History 1788: Early in the morning, Captain Phillip took a party ashore at Sydney Cove, raised the British colours and formally proclaimed British sovereignty over New South Wales. This day is now celebrated as Australia Day. In a ceremony at sunset Phillip and the officers drank to the health of the king and the royal family, and success to the new colony. In the meantime, La Perouse entered Botany Bay as the remaining British ships prepared to leave. Convicts disembarked at Sydney Cove and helped clear the ground. 17 Wives of marines and 14 children disembarked from Prince of Wales. They were the first women and children to land. The first of the livestock was brought ashore. Jean François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse variant spelling: La Pérouse; 23 August 1741 – 1788?), often called simply Lapérouse, was a French naval officer and explorer. Having enlisted at the age of 15, he had a successful naval career and in 1785 was appointed to lead a scientific expedition around the world. 3 February Rev. Richard Johnson held the colony's first religious service ‘on the grass’. 6 FebruaryThe women convicts came ashore. There followed a ‘scene of debauchery and riot’, accompanied by a violent thunderstorm. 7 FebruaryThe whole party assembled on the west side of Sydney Cove, where the deputy judge-advocate David Collins read the King's commission establishing Phillip's governorship over the colony and the letters patent establishing civil and criminal courts. Phillip addressed the convicts, wishing them ‘reformation, happiness, and prosperity, in this new country. Louis XVI giving Lapérouse his instructions on 29 June 1785

  8. Timeline Australia History March Phillip issued the first government conservation order: that no trees should be cut down within 50 feet (15 metres) of the stream that ran into Sydney Cove. 26 April An exploring party led by Phillip sighted and named the Blue Mountains. 6 May Following an outbreak of scurvy, HMS Supply sailed for Lord Howe Island to catch turtles to supplement the settlement's meat supply. Having failed to catch any, it returned on 25 May. 21 May Aboriginal peoples killed a convict and seriously injured another. 30 May The bodies of two rushcutters, William Okey and Samuel Davis, were found pierced with spears and beaten, evidently on reprisal for stealing a canoe belonging to Aboriginals. The next day Phillip led a party to apprehend the murderers, but he was unable to identify them. June Owing to the neglect of the convict who was supposed to look after them, two bulls and four cows strayed from the settlement and were lost. 11 February (1788) At the first criminal court, Samuel Barnsley was sentenced to 150 lashes for assault and Thomas Hill to confinement in irons on a small rocky island at the head of the cove for stealing bread. 14 February Lt. Philip Gidley King sailed with a party of 23 including 15 convicts, in Supply to found a settlement on Norfolk Island, where native flax was to be harvested and others grown. 17 February Rev. Johnson celebrated Holy Communion for the first time in the colony, according to the rites of the church of England. The Communion took place in the tent of Lt. Ralph Clark. Lt. Henry Ball, commander of the Supply on its way to Norfolk Island, discovered an island that he named after Admiral Lord Howe. 27 February Thomas Barratt was hanged for stealing in stores, the first execution. 29 February James Freeman was pardoned for stealing flour, on the condition that he become public executioner. 2 March Phillip set out to explore Broken Bay. On this trip he visited and named Pittwater. 6 March Lt. King took possession of Norfolk Island. British settlement founded. 10 March The two French ships left Botany Bay, and were later wrecked near Santa Cruz (Solomon Islands).

  9. Timeline Australia History 31 December Because the Aboriginal Australians could not be coaxed into the settlement, one named Arabanoo was captured and held in confinement. Phillip hoped to learn his language and so to promote good relations between Aboriginal Australians and Europeans. 1790 3–28 June 5 of 6 ships of the beleaguered Second Fleet arrived. The colony was gripped by a food crisis. 1791 9 July The first ship of the Third Fleet arrived at Sydney Cove. 1792 Two French ships, Recherche and Espérance, anchor at Recherche Bay, near the southernmost point of Tasmania. Governor Philip returned to England, accompanied by Bennelong, who became the first Australian-born person to sail to Europe. 1797 Sydney Cove was wrecked and some survivors travelled from Bass Strait to Port Jackson, enabling the rescue of others. This also furthered knowledge of the geography of Australia. 1798 George Bass and Matthew Flinders sailed from Sydney and circumnavigated Tasmania, thus proving it to be an island. (to 1799) 5 July (1788) In a despatch to the under-secretary of state, Evan Nepean, Phillip recorded the rations for marines and male convicts. For seven days each received 7 pounds of bread or in lieu thereof 7 pounds of flour, 7 pounds of beef or in lieu thereof pork, 3 pins of pease, 6 ounces of butter, 1 pound of flour or in lieu thereof 12 pounds of rice. The women received two-thirds of this amount and the children generally had one-third although some received as much as the women. 20 August Lt. William Bligh in HMS Bounty, en route to Tahiti, anchored at Adventure Bay, Van Diemen's Land. The party planted apple trees, fruit stones and various vegetables before departing on 4 September. 28 September Phillip decided to send HMS Sirius to Cape Town for urgently needed food supplies. September The last remaining cow was killed. 2 November A party of marines from the New South Wales Marine Corps and 10 convicts left to establish a farming settlement at Rose Hill (Later called Parramatta). 19 November The last two ships of the First Fleet, Golden Grove and Fishburn, sailed for England with despatches and reports. 11 December Phillip set out to explore Botany Bay, where he examined the Cook's, George's and Woronora Rivers.

  10. Timeline Australia History Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney PC (24 February 1733 – 30 June 1800) was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1754 to 1783 when he was raised to the peerage as Baron Sydney. He was given responsibility for devising a plan to settle convicts at Botany Bay. On 26 January 1788, Phillip named Sydney Cove in honour of Sydney and the settlement became known as Sydney Town. In 1789 Townshend was created Viscount Sydney. Admiral Arthur Phillip (11 October 1738 – 31 August 1814) was a British Royal Navy officer who served as the first governor of the Colony of New South Wales. In 1786 Phillip was appointed by Lord Sydney as the commander of the First Fleet. Thomas Townshend Sydney Cove, Port Jackson in the County of Cumberland – from a drawing made by Francis Fowkes in 1788

  11. Timeline Australia History Circular Quay and mouth of the Tank Stream, Sydney Cove, Frederick Garling Jr., 1839 The Founding of Australia by Captain Arthur Phillip RN Sydney Cove January 26th 1788, a 1939 oil painting by Algernon Talmage

  12. Timeline Australia History

  13. Timeline Australia History 1803:Matthew Flinders completed the first circumnavigation of the continent 1804: A settlement was founded at Risdon on the Derwent River in Van Diemen's Land 4–5 MarchCastle Hill convict rebellion, also known as the second Battle of Vinegar Hill, occurred in New South Wales. 20 February The Risdon settlement was moved to Sullivan's Cove (now Hobart) by Colonel David Collins. 1808: The Rum Rebellion 1813: Blaxland, Lawson and Wentworth crossed the Blue Mountains. Matthew Flinders referred to New South Wales by the name "Australia". 1817: John Oxley charts the Lachlan River Australia's first bank, the Bank of New South Wales, opened in Macquarie Place, Sydney. (The bank became Westpac in 1982). 1818: Oxley charted the Macquarie River. 1824: A penal colony was founded at Moreton Bay, now the city of Brisbane. Bathurst and Melville Islands were annexed. Permission was granted to change the name of the continent from "New Holland" to "Australia“ The Hume and Hovell expedition travelled overland to Port Phillip Bay and encountered the Murray River 1825: The New South Wales western border was extended to 129° E. Van Diemen's Land was proclaimed. 1826: 26 December New South Wales established first settlement in Western Australia at King George Sound as a convict-supported military garrison, named Frederick Town but renamed Albany in 1832 1827: 21 January The whole of Australia was claimed as British territory when Major Edmund Lockyer formally annexed the western portion in a ceremony at King George Sound. 1829: Charles Sturt charted the Darling River. 2 May: Captain Charles Fremantle took possession of the western side of Australia for the British crown. 12 August The settlement of Perth was founded. 1830: Sturt arrived at Goolwa, having charted the Murray River. 7 October The Black Line, a huge six-week military offensive, is launched, using moving cordons to drive all Aboriginal Tasmanians from the colony's settled districts to the Tasman Peninsula. 1831:7 March Administration of King George Sound passes to Swan River Colony, convicts returned to New South Wales.[8] 18 AprilThe Sydney Herald (later to become The Sydney Morning Herald) was first published. 1832: Swan River Colony had its name changed to Western Australia.

  14. Timeline Australia History Captain Matthew Flinders (16 March 1774 – 19 July 1814) was a British navigator and cartographer who led the first inshore circumnavigation of mainland Australia, then called New Holland. He is also credited as being the first person to utilise the name Australia to describe the entirety of that continent including Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania), a title he regarded as being "more agreeable to the ear" than previous names such as Terra Australis. Flinders was involved in several voyages of discovery between 1791 and 1803, the most famous of which are the circumnavigation of Australia and an earlier expedition when he and George Bass confirmed that Van Diemen's Land was an island. While returning to Britain in 1803, Flinders was arrested by the French governor at Isle de France (Mauritius). Although Britain and France were at war, Flinders thought the scientific nature of his work would ensure safe passage, but he remained under arrest for more than six years. In captivity, he recorded details of his voyages for future publication, and put forward his rationale for naming the new continent 'Australia', as an umbrella term for New Holland and New South Wales – a suggestion taken up later by Governor Macquarie.

  15. Timeline Australia History The voyages of Flinders aboard HMS Investigator. HMS Investigator was the mercantile Fram, launched in 1795, which the Royal Navy purchased in 1798 and renamed HMS Xenophon, and then in 1801 converted to a survey ship under the name HMS Investigator. At the urging of the naturalist Sir Joseph Banks, the Admiralty decided to launch an expedition to map the Australian coastline, as well as further study the plant and animal life on the new colony. 1744 Chart of Hollandia Nova – Terra Australis by Emanuel Bowen. Emanuel Bowen (1694 – 8 May 1767) was a Welsh map engraver,. who achieved the unique distinction of becoming Royal Mapmaker to both to King George II of Great Britain and Louis XV of France.

  16. Timeline Australia History Although he never used his own name for any feature in all his discoveries, Flinders' name is now associated with over 100 geographical features and places in Australia,[68] including Flinders Island in Bass Strait, but not Flinders Island in South Australia, which he named for his younger brother, Samuel Flinders.[68][69] Flinders is seen as being particularly important in South Australia, where he is considered the main explorer of the state. Landmarks named after him in South Australia include the Flinders Ranges and Flinders Ranges National Park, Flinders Column at Mount Lofty,[70] Flinders Chase National Park on Kangaroo Island, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre, the suburb Flinders Park and Flinders Street in Adelaide. In Victoria, eponymous places include Flinders Peak, Flinders Street in Melbourne, the suburb of Flinders, the federal electorate of Flinders, and the Matthew Flinders Girls Secondary College in Geelong. Flinders Bay in Western Australia and Flinders Way in Canberra also commemorate him. Australia 10 Shillings 1961–1965 ND Banknote. Obverse: Bust of Flinders. Reverse: Parliament House in Canberra

  17. Timeline Australia History Australia's first and only military coup, the name derives from the illicit trade of rum in early Sydney, over which the 'Rum Corps', as the New South Wales Corps became known, had maintained a monopoly. During the first half of the 19th century, it was widely referred to in Australia as the Great Rebellion. Bligh, a former Royal Navy captain known for his overthrow in the mutiny on the Bounty, had been appointed governor in 1805 to rein in the power of the Corps. Over the next two years, he made enemies not only of Sydney's military elite, but several prominent civilians, notably John Macarthur, who joined Major George Johnston in organising an armed takeover. On 26 January 1808, 400 soldiers marched on Government House and arrested Bligh. He was kept in confinement in Sydney, then aboard a ship off Hobart, Van Diemen's Land, for the next two years while Johnston acted as Lieutenant- Governor of New South Wales. The military remained in control until the 1810 arrival from Britain of Major-General Lachlan Macquarie, who took over as governor. Macquarie reinstated all the officials who had been sacked by Johnston and Macarthur, replaced the alcoholic Atkins with Ellis Bent (the first professional lawyer to occupy a public post in Australia) as Judge Advocate. The arrest of Governor Bligh, 1808, artist unknown, watercolour drawing, attached to the left hand wall in the image is a sheet with text, "O what can the matter be", Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales. The Rum Rebellion of 1808 was a coup d'état in the then-British penal colony of New South Wales, staged by the New South Wales Corps in order to depose Governor William Bligh.

  18. Timeline Australia History Major General Lachlan Macquarie, CB: Lachann MacGuaire; 31 January 1762 – 1 July 1824) was a British Army officer and colonial administrator from Scotland. Macquarie served as the fifth Governor of New South Wales from 1810 to 1821, and had a leading role in the social, economic, and architectural development of the colony. He is considered by historians to have had a crucial influence on the transition of New South Wales from a penal colony to a free settlement and therefore to have played a major role in the shaping of Australian society in the early nineteenth century. Macquarie volunteered to join the British Army in 1776 and was assigned to the 84th Regiment of Foot. Later that year he travelled with it to North America to fight against the revolutionaries in the American War of Independence. On 8 May 1809 Macquarie was appointed to the position of Governor of New South Wales and its dependencies. He left for the colony on 22 May 1809, on HMS Dromedary, accompanied by HMS Hindostan. Macquarie's first task was to restore orderly, lawful government and discipline in the colony following the Rum Rebellion of 1808 against Governor William Bligh. Part of Macquarie's undertaking of bringing order to the colony was to refashion the convict settlement into an urban environment of organised towns with streets and parks.

  19. Timeline Australia History 1833: The penal settlement of Port Arthur was founded in Van Diemen's Land. 1834: The Tolpuddle Martyrs are transported to Sydney and Hobart. 1835: 30 August John Batman and John Pascoe Fawkner established a settlement at Port Phillip, now the city of Melbourne. William Wentworth established Australian Patriotic Association, Australia's first political party, to demand democracy for New South Wales. 1836: 28 December Province of South Australia proclaimed with its western border at 132° E. 1838: First Prussian settlers arrived in South Australia; the largest group of non-British migrants in Australia at the time. 1839: Paul Edmund Strzelecki became the first European to ascend and name Australia's highest peak, Mount Kosciuszko. 9 September HMS Beagle sailed into Darwin Harbour during its surveying of the area. John Clements Wickham named the area Port Darwin in honour of their former shipmate Charles Darwin. The settlement became the town of Palmerston in 1869 and was renamed Darwin in 1911. 1833: The penal settlement of Port Arthur was founded in Van Diemen's Land. 1834: The Tolpuddle Martyrs are transported to Sydney and Hobart. 1835: 30 August John Batman and John Pascoe Fawkner established a settlement at Port Phillip, now the city of Melbourne. William Wentworth established Australian Patriotic Association, Australia's first political party, to demand democracy for New South Wales. 1836: 28 December Province of South Australia proclaimed with its western border at 132° E. 1838: First Prussian settlers arrived in South Australia; the largest group of non-British migrants in Australia at the time. 1839: Paul Edmund Strzelecki became the first European to ascend and name Australia's highest peak, Mount Kosciuszko. 9 September HMS Beagle sailed into Darwin Harbour during its surveying of the area. John Clements Wickham named the area Port Darwin in honour of their former shipmate Charles Darwin. The settlement became the town of Palmerston in 1869 and was renamed Darwin in 1911. 1840: Australia's first municipal authority, the City of Adelaide, was established, followed by Sydney City Council. 1841:1 July New Zealand was proclaimed as a separate colony, no longer part of New South Wales. 1842: Copper was discovered at Kapunda in South Australia.

  20. Timeline Australia History 1843: Australia's first parliamentary elections was held for the New South Wales Legislative Council (though voting rights are restricted to males of certain wealth or property). 1845: 4 August The ship Cataraqui was wrecked off King Island in Bass Strait. It is Australia's worst civil maritime disaster, with 406 lives lost. Copper was discovered at Burra in South Australia. 1849:1 June Western Australia became a penal colony. 1850: Australian Colonies Government Act [1850] granted representative constitutions to New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Tasmania. These colonies set about writing constitutions which produced democratically progressive parliaments. 1 October Australia's first university, the University of Sydney, was founded. 1851:1 July Victoria separated from New South Wales. The Victorian gold rush started when gold was found at Summerhill Creek and Ballarat. 15 December Forest Creek Monster Meeting of miners at Chewton near Castlemaine. 1852: Francis Cadell, in preparation for the launch of his steamer service, explored the Murray River in a canvas boat, travelling 1,300 miles (2,100 km) downstream from Swan Hill. 1853: First paddle steamers on Murray River on the spring flood. From South Australia, the Lady Augusta captained by Francis Cadell, reached Swan Hill while Mary Ann captained by William Randell, made it as far as Moama (near Echuca). Bendigo Petition and Red Ribbon Rebellion at Bendigo 1854: 3 December The Eureka Stockade 1855: The transportation of convicts to Norfolk Island ceased. All men over 21 years of age obtained the right to vote in South Australia. 1856: 1 January Van Diemen's Land name changed to Tasmania. 1857: Victorian Committee reported that a 'federal union' would be in the interests of all the growing colonies. However, there was not enough interest in or enthusiasm for taking positive steps towards bringing the colonies together. Victorian men achieved the right to vote. 1858: Sydney and Melbourne linked by electric telegraph. New South Wales men achieved the right to vote.

  21. Timeline Australia History 1859: 6 August SS Admella wrecked off south-east coast of South Australia with the loss of 89 lives. Australian rules football codified, Melbourne Football Club founded 6 June Queensland separated from New South Wales with its western border at 141° E. 1860: John McDouall Stuart reached the centre of the continent. The South Australian border changed from 132° E to 129° E. 1861: The ill-fated Burke and Wills expedition occurred. Skiing in Australia introduced by Norwegians in the Snowy Mountains goldrush town of Kiandra. 1862: Stuart reached Port Darwin, founding a settlement there. Queensland's western border was moved to 139° E. 1863: South Australia took control of the Northern Territory which was previously part of the colony of New South Wales. 1864: Great Fire of Brisbane 1867: Gold was discovered at Gympie, Queensland. Saint Mary MacKillop founded Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart. 1868:The transportation of convicts to Western Australia ceased. 1869: Children of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander descent are removed from their families by Australian and State government agencies. This practice lasted 100 years and is known as the Stolen Generation. 1872: 22 August The Overland Telegraph Line linking Darwin and Adelaide opened. 1873: Uluru was first sighted by Europeans, and named Ayers Rock. 1875: 24 February SS Gothenburg strikes Old Reef off Bowen, North Queensland and sank with the loss of approximately 102 lives. September Adelaide Steamship Company was formed. 1878: First horse-drawn trams in Australia commenced operations in Adelaide. 1877: 15-19 March The first internationally recognised game of Test Cricket is played between Australia and England at the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG). 1879: The first congress of trade unions was held. 1880: 11 November The bushranger Ned Kelly was hanged. Parliamentarians in Victoria became the first in Australia to be paid for their work. 1882: First water-borne sewerage service in Australia commenced operations in Adelaide. 1883: The opening of the Sydney–Melbourne railway. Silver was discovered at Broken Hill The first direct Inter-colonial passenger trains began running between Adelaide and Melbourne. Gold was discovered at Southern Cross, Western Australia.

  22. Timeline Australia History 1888: Louisa Lawson established The Dawn: A Journal for Australian Women. 1889: The completion of the railway network between Adelaide, Brisbane, Melbourne and Sydney. 24 October: Sir Henry Parkes delivered the Tenterfield Oration. 1890: The Australian Federation Conference called a constitutional convention. 26 April Banjo Paterson published "The Man from Snowy River" 1891: A National Australasian Convention met and agreed on adopting the name "the Commonwealth of Australia," also drafting a constitution.The first attempt at a federal constitution was drafted. The Convention adopts the constitution, although it had no legal status A severe depression hit Australia 1893: The Corowa Conference (the "people's convention") called on the colonial parliaments to pass enabling acts, allowing the election of delegates to a new constitutional convention aimed at drafting a proposal and putting it to a referendum in each colony. 1894: South Australia became the first Australian colony, and the second place in the world, to grant women the right to vote, as well the first Parliament in the world to allow women to stand for office with the Constitutional Amendment (Adult Suffrage) Act 1894. 1895: The premiers, except for those of Queensland and Western Australia, agreed to implement the Corowa proposals. "Waltzing Matilda" was first sung in public, in Winton, Queensland 1896: The Bathurst Conference (the second "people's convention") met to discuss the 1891 draft constitution. 1897: In two sessions, the Second National Australasian Convention met (with representatives from all colonies except Queensland present). They agreed to adopt a constitution based on 1891 draft, and then revised and amended it later that year. Catherine Helen Spence became the first female political candidate for political office, standing for election as a representative for South Australia. 1898: The Convention agreed on a final draft to be put to the people. After much public debate, the Victorian, South Australian and Tasmanian referendums were successful; the New South Wales referendum narrowly failed. Later New South Wales voted "yes" in a second referendum. The Constitution of Australia (or Australian Constitution) is a constitutional document that is supreme law in Australia. The constitution was drafted between 1891 and 1898

  23. Timeline Australia History 1899: The decision was made to site the national capital in New South Wales, but not within 100 miles of Sydney. 22 September Queensland's offer of troops for the Second Boer War is accepted by the Imperial Government. 4 November The New South Wales Lancers arrived in Cape Town from London to begin Australia's participation in the Second Boer War. 6 November The Australian contingent to the Boer War departs Albany on the Medic. 1–7 December The Australian Labor Party held office for a few days in Queensland, becoming the first trade union party to do so anywhere in the world. Catherine Helen Spence (31 October 1825 – 3 April 1910) was a Scottish-born Australian author, teacher, journalist, politician, leading suffragist, and Georgist. Spence was also a minister of religion and social worker, and supporter of electoral proportional representation. In 1897 she became Australia's first female political candidate after standing (unsuccessfully) for the Federal Convention held in Adelaide. 22 December Western Australia enacted full women's suffrage. 1900: Several delegates visited London to resist proposed changes to the agreed-upon constitution. The constitution was passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom as a schedule to the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act, and was given royal assent

  24. Timeline Australia History The convict era of Western Australia was the period during which Western Australia was a penal colony of the British Empire. Although it received small numbers of juvenile offenders from 1842, it was not formally constituted as a penal colony until 1849. Between 1850 and 1868, 9,721 convicts were transported to Western Australia on 43 convict ship voyages. SS Gothenburg was an iron-hulled sail- and steamship that was built in England in 1854 and sailed between England and Sweden until 1862. She then moved to Australia, where she operated across the Tasman Sea to and from New Zealand until 1873, when she was rebuilt. After her rebuild she operated in the Australian coastal trade. In February 1875 Gothenburg was wrecked in a storm on the Great Barrier Reef off the north coast of Queensland. 22 people survived in three lifeboats. Between 98 and 112 people were killed, including a number of civil servants and dignitaries. 1873 Uluru was first sighted by Europeans, and named Ayers Rock. is a large sandstone formation in the centre of Australia. It is in the southern part of the Northern Territory, 335 km (208 mi) southwest of Alice Springs.

  25. Timeline Australia History Archie Smith of the Brisbane Lions winning a ruck contest against NT Thunder ruckman, Jonathon Miles, during a North East Australian Football League (NEAFL) match on 4 July 2015 at TIO Stadium in Darwin, Northern Territory. Australian rules football began its evolution in Melbourne, Australia about 1858. The origins of Australian football before 1858 are still the subject of much debate, as there were a multitude of football games in Britain, Europe, Ireland and Australia whose rules influenced the early football games played in Melbourne. The first match that the AFL Commission has identified as a direct precursor to the codification of Australian football was organised and umpired by Tom Wills and contested between Melbourne Grammar School Football Club and Scotch College, on 31 July 1858 at the Richmond Paddock, adjacent to the Melbourne Cricket Ground. A follow-up match was played on 11 August 1858.[3] A match announced for 14 August 1858 did not take place; a scratch match was played instead. The oldest surviving set of rules of Australian rules football were drawn up on 17 May 1859. The earliest official formal leagues were the South Australian National Football League, originally called the South Australian Football Association, and the Victorian Football Association, both formed in 1877.

  26. Timeline Australia History The Black War was a period of violent conflict between British colonists and Aboriginal Tasmanians in Tasmania from the mid- 1820s to 1832. The conflict, fought largely as a guerrilla war by both sides, claimed the lives of 600 to 900 Aboriginal people and more than 200 European colonists. The near-destruction of the Aboriginal Tasmanians and the frequent incidence of mass killings have sparked debate among historians over whether the Black War should be defined as an act of genocide. The terms "Black War" and "Black Line" were coined by journalist Henry Melville in 1835, but historian Lyndall Ryan has argued that it should be known as the Tasmanian War. She has also called for the erection of a public memorial to the fallen from both sides of the war. The escalation of violence in the late 1820s prompted Lieutenant- Governor George Arthur to declare martial law—effectively providing legal immunity for killing Aboriginal people and in November 1830 to order a massive six-week military offensive known as the Black Line, in which 2,200 civilians and soldiers formed a series of moving cordons stretching hundreds of kilometres across the island in order to drive Aboriginal people from the colony's settled districts to the Tasman Peninsula in the southeast.

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