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Australian history

By Matt Smith. Australian history. Timeline. Ned Kelly. Over 100 years ago, in June, a bushranger called Ned Kelly fought his last battle. He was an outlaw who wore a suit of armour and fought police. Today, Ned Kelly is an Australian Legend.

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Australian history

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  1. By Matt Smith Australian history

  2. Timeline

  3. Ned Kelly Over 100 years ago, in June, a bushranger called Ned Kelly fought his last battle. He was an outlaw who wore a suit of armour and fought police. Today, Ned Kelly is an Australian Legend. In Ned's life time Australia rugged country and life was hard. The best land was held by a handful of wealthy people. The Kelly family was poor and the only chance they had to own land was as selectors. Because they were poor, selectors stole horses and cattle from the more wealthy people Ned was 16 years old when he was convicted of receiving a stolen horse and served three years in a jail he was released in 1874. In April 1878 a police officer accused Ned's mother of attacking him and accused Ned of shooting him in the wrist. Mrs. Kelly was sent to prison for three years and a 100 pound reward was offered for the capture of Ned. From that time on Ned and his brother Dan hid in the bush. On the 26th October 1878 Joe Byrne and Steve Hart came across a police camp at Stringy Bark Creek. Ned believed the police intended to kill him and Dan so he told them to surrender but three of the police resisted Kelly shot the police dead. The reward for Kelly and his gang grew to two thousand pounds and would later rise to an amazing eight thousand pounds, today that would be nearly two million dollars! Ned had a small gang and for almost two years they dodged police and robbed two banks. At each robbery he gave one of his hostages a letter in which he explained to the government how he'd been annoyed persistently by police. In June 1880 Ned made his last stand. The Kelly gang was in the Glenrowan Hotel when they were surrounded by police. Prepared to fight, the four bushrangers wore suits of armour made from steel. During the battle, Ned escaped through the police lines. But rather than fleeing into the bush, he returned a number of times to fight police. He was trying to rescue his brother and friends. Eventually, he collapsed with more than 28 bullet wounds to his arms, legs, feet, groin and hands. Beneath his armour a green sash he wore was stained with blood. It was a sash he'd been given many years earlier for saving a drowning boy. Ned was the only survivor of the siege. Joe Byrne had been shot early on and after Ned's capture, police set fire to the Inn. The charred remains of Dan Kelly and Steve Hart were removed. After Ned recovered he was convicted of the murder of one of the police officers at Stringy Bark, and despite protests by thousands of supporters, was sentenced to death. In Melbourne gaol, on the 11th November 1880 Ned Kelly was hanged. He was 25 years old. When he was taken down from the gallows, his head was cut off and a death mask made.

  4. World War 1 Training in the Egyptian desert in 1914, the New Zealand and Australian Division were made into the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC), with the command of Lieutenant General William R Birdwood. Together with British military, the ANZAC forces had been kept in Egypt because of bad training facilities in England and, later, to help protect the Suez Canal, following Turkey’s entry into the war in October 1914. Faced with lack of progress on the Western front in late 1914, the British War Council suggested that Germany could be defeated by attacks from turkeys weaker allies, Austria and Hungary. To start with, the attack on Turkey was to be executed by the naval but, after naval attempts to force the Dardanelles in February and March, the British agreed that troops could be used. The ANZACS, together with the British, landed north of Gaba Tepee and at Cape Gallipoli Peninsula now known as ANZAC Cove. They needed to capture the Turkish camps controlling the narrow straits and force their way to the Turkish capital... Constantinople. French troops attacked the Turkish on the Asia Minor side of the Dardanelles. Later reinforcements included the dismounted Australian Light Horse and New Zealand Mounted Brigades at Anzac Cove and another British corps at Suvla Bay. The operation was a bold but costly failure. In December, it was decided to abort the entire operation . On 19 and 20 December, the evacuation of ANZAC and Suvla was completed with the last of the British troops leaving Cape Helles by 8 January 1916. The entire operation evacuated 142,000 men .Australian casualties for the campaign were 26,111, comprising 1007 officers and 25,104 other ranks. 362 officers and 7779 men were killed in action, died of wounds or disease. Nine Victoria Crosses were won by soldiers in Australian units. Gallipoli became the common tie that bound the colonies and people of Australia into a nation: a nation that still commemorates the 25th of April as ANZAC Day, when the sacrifices of all Australian and New Zealand servicemen and women in all conflicts are remembered.

  5. The eureka stockade • The Eureka Stockade, a rebellion of miners on the Ballarat minefield. • On October 1854 James Scobie, a Scottish miner, seeking a late drink at Bentley's Hotel in Ballarat, died after being struck on the head with a shovel. Bentley was suspected, but he was freed from blame by local magistrates. After a protest meeting, some of the crowd ran to the hotel, and set it alight . Three men were taken from the crowd and charged with the burning of the hotel. Governor Hotham ordered Bentley's arrest, and set up an inquiry which uncovered evidence of corruption in the administration at Ballarat. • The technical analyst-influenced Ballarat Reform League argued that the people at Ballarat had been angered by management of dishonesty and injustice, and called for manhood suffrage, the elimination of the licence tax, and the opening up of the land to small farming settlement. On 11 November a large public meeting resolved that ‘it is the inalienable right of every citizen to have a voice in making the laws he is called upon to obey – that taxation without representation is tyranny'. • On 16 November, Hotham made a royal commission into the goldfields. A diggers’ delegation to Hotham on 27 November ‘demanded’ the release of the three prisoners. Hotham took objection to the word, and refused. The delegation would not retract: ‘the people have, in their collective capacity, used that word’. At a meeting on 29 November, the rebel Southern Cross flag was hoisted and licences burned; the next day, Peter Lalor took the rebels to Eureka where they set up their stockade. • At 4 a.m. on Sunday, 3 December, when most of those inside the stockade were asleep, government troops attacked – about 20 diggers were killed by the soldiers, who lost five dead and 12 seriously wounded. In early 1855, the Eureka rebels were put on trial in Melbourne. Juries refused to convict any of them - despite Judge Redmond Barry's warning. The royal commission recommended making changes to goldfields administration – an end to the licence system, and the introduction of the miner’s right, which gave diggers the vote – which were soon made.

  6. www.Googleimages.com • www.Wikianswers.com • www.Wikipedia.com • http://www.cap.nsw.edu.au/bb_site_intro/stage2_modules/TimeTravel/ned_kelly.html • http://www.defence.gov.au/army/ahu/HISTORY/gallipoli.htm

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