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What is Triangulation?. “Short-hand term” for synthesis and integrated analysis of data from multiple sources for program decision making A powerful tool that can be used to: Demonstrate program impact and areas of improvement Direct new programs and policy changes. Why Use Triangulation?.
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What is Triangulation? “Short-hand term” for synthesis and integrated analysis of data from multiple sources for program decision making A powerful tool that can be used to: • Demonstrate program impact and areas of improvement • Direct new programs and policy changes
Why Use Triangulation? Countries invest time and resources into collecting data and Strategic Information (SI): • Patient tracking data: PMTCT & ARV program data • Surveillance data: ANC sentinel surveys, DHS+, incidence testing • Birth and deaths: Vital statistics • Research studies: Quantitative & qualitative However: • Too much data • Information goes up but rarely comes back • Data rarely examined side-by-side • Analysis of data used for program planning and improvement, and policy-makingis often overlooked
Triangulation Process Planning Triangulation Communicating Results Conducting Triangulation
Triangulation Part 1: Planning Stakeholder Involvement • Interest from country • Meet with stakeholders • Develop In-country Working Team Question Identification • Identify key questions of interest • Identify data sources • Refine research question(s)
Triangulation Part 2: Conducting Data Collection • Point person to work in-country to gather data • Collect all data possible Hypothesis Development • Make observations within data sets and across data sets • Note trends • Develop hypotheses to answer key questions Hypothesis Checking • Note evidence that supports or refutes • Identify and gather more data, as needed • Choose promising hypotheses
Triangulation Part 3: Communicating Summation of Findings • Develop report of methods and findings Next Steps • Identify any existing data to fill gaps • Identify research needed to fill gaps Application • Recommend policy &/or program changes
Botswana example:Narrowing Key Questions 16 9 2 Key Questions Key Questions Final Question(s) • Important • Actionable • Data Available • Method Appropriate • Feasible
Triangulation at IGH: What We Do Conduct triangulation analyses • Generate report of findings, recommendations and next steps eg: • Botswana Case Study: http://www.who.int/entity/hiv/pub/casestudies/evaluation/en/index.html • Malawi Analysis and Case Study (under review) Build capacity through in-country collaboration • Joint analyses between UCSF and in-country partners • Practicum-based training using country data and country analyses • On-going mentoring with local collaborators to assure a transfer of skills and capacity www.igh.org
Capacity Building ActivitiesTotal Triangulation Analysis and Training duration is four to six months • Initial Stakeholder meeting • Stakeholders introduced to methodology. Group collaboratively defines area of study and question for triangulation analysis • Task-Force of national technical representatives created to guide triangulation • Capture of Data • Twinning with local collaborating researcher for in-country data-collation work • Analysis • Joint analysis with local collaborating researchers (long distance, in-country, or in San Francisco depending on capacity, budget, and schedule) • Ongoing consultation and review by Task-Force • Training Workshop • For Task-Force members and selected technical personnel from national and provincial offices • Emphasis on practicum-based approach using own-country data. Participants independently recreate & refine triangulation analyses • Final Stakeholder Meeting • Presentation of findings to collaborators, informed by ideas and feedback of training workshop, jointly led by local collaborating researchers
