FUNCTIONS AND ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION

1. Elements and Functions of Communication August 19, 2024

2. What is Communication? • Communication is the process of sharing information. • It involves sending and receiving messages. • Can you think of different ways we communicate?

3. Functions of Communication

4. Function 1: Regulation/Control • Communication can regulate behaviors and maintain order. • Examples: Classroom rules, traffic signals. Example:An interviewee trying to control herself to meet the expectations set by the interviewer. The interviewee changes her behavior according to how the interviewer manages the conversation.

5. Function 2: Social Interaction • It helps us interact and bond with others. • Social cues and responses are part of this function.

6. Function 3: Motivation • Communication can encourage and inspire action. • Motivation is the energy that influences a person’s behavior in different ways to his pursuit of his goal or objective. It encourages people to live better. • Positive motivation happens when the speaker who is motivating someone or a group uses his or her skills in communication as a bridge towards self assessments, confidence, knowledge, etc. EXAMPLES: Motivational speeches and pep talks are examples. A teacher encouraging students to achieve their best. A coach giving a pep talk before a game.

7. Negative motivation, on the other hand, can lead either to communication apprehension, social anxiety, shyness or public speaking anxiety. • Communication anxiety happens when a person becomes fearful of communicating with another person or a group. Signs of apprehension include sweaty palms or feeling upset stomach also known as butterflies in the stomach. Context apprehension happens when the anxiety to communicate happens in certain situations only such as interpersonal, small group or public speaking. • Fear of Public speaking is also called stage fright. This is when a person hesitates or avoids speaking in front of a large group or large audience. • The next is shyness, this happens when you feel uncomfortable when speaking to a small group or people. • Lastly, we have social anxiety, which is when someone hesitates interpersonal communication.

8. Function 4: Information Dissemination • Information exchange is the core reason why we communicate. Information is needed for an individual to build a harmonious relationship with others and with its environment. Information and communication will always be linked to each other. • It's used to exchange information and knowledge. EXAMPLES: News broadcasts and textbooks are forms of this function. A president delivering a national address. A teacher explaining a new concept in class.

9. Function 5: Emotional Expression • Communication allows us to express our feelings and emotions. • It allows us to share our inner thoughts and frustrations. • Communication makes possible the release or unloading of emotions, resulting in catharsis. It facilitates people’s expression of their feelings and emotions. EXAMPLES: • Art, music, and poetry often serve this function. • Thanking someone to show gratitude. • Discussing personal challenges with a friend.

10. ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION

11. The Sender or Encoder • The person who initiates the message. • Responsible for encoding the message. • Also known as the speaker or encoder. • How can a sender ensure their message is clear?

12. The Message • The content or information being conveyed. • the information, ideas, or thoughts conveyed by the speaker in words or in actions. • Must be clear and understandable.

13. Encoding • the process of converting the message into words, actions, or other forms that the speaker understands.

14. The means through which the message is transmitted. Can be verbal, non-verbal, written, or digital. The Medium or Channel

15. the process of interpreting the encoded message of the speaker by the receiver. The receiver analyzes the message received before giving his/her response. Decoding

16. The Receiver or Recipient • The person for whom the message is intended. • Conducts the decoding process. • The who decodes the message.

17. Feedback • The reactions, responses, or information provided by the receiver • Allows the sender to assess the message's impact. • Can be verbal or non-verbal.

18. Context • It is a communication situation--the environment where communication takes place.

19. Also called noise in communication. Anything that hinders effective communication. Can lead to misunderstandings. Some examples of barriers come from outside factors such as the setting of the conversation, listener and speaker’s feelings or moods, and cultural barriers. Barriers to Communication

20. KINDS OF TALKS OR ORAL TEXTS The purposes of communication can be effectively realized and fulfilled by using different kinds of “talks.” (Locke, 1998)

21. KINDS OF TALKS OR ORAL TEXTS 1. Small-talk is a form of non-threatening communication that may be used to affect social interaction. Purposes: • To maintain the status quo; • To break the ice; • To get acquainted; and • To establish a relationship

22. KINDS OF TALKS OR ORAL TEXTS 1. Small-talk is a form of non-threatening communication that may be used to affect social interaction. EXAMPLES: Conversation starters: • Beautiful day, isn't it? • Can you believe all of this rain we've been having?

23. KINDS OF TALKS OR ORAL TEXTS 2. Light-Control Talk is the tactful use of power to get results and may be used to motivate people. Purposes: • To persuade; • To direct; • To seek but not force agreement; and • To use legitimate authority.

24. KINDS OF TALKS OR ORAL TEXTS 2. Light-Control Talk is the tactful use of power to get results and may be used to motivate people. Examples: When someone says something that we think is incorrect and we say, "Actually, I think it's the other way around…" or "Didn't that happen on Wednesday, not Tuesday?" It involves any disagreement where you momentarily try to get control of a conversation to make your point.

25. KINDS OF TALKS OR ORAL TEXTS 3. Heavy- Control Talk is designed to place blame and to control or regulate people. This creates defensiveness on the part of the receiver and is rarely, if ever, appropriate. Purposes: • To blame; • To attack; • To threaten; • To coerce; and • To demand.

26. KINDS OF TALKS OR ORAL TEXTS 3. Heavy- Control Talk is designed to place blame and to control or regulate people. This creates defensiveness on the part of the receiver and is rarely, if ever, appropriate. Example: It happens, for example, when a teacher says, “Jill, you were talking when you should have been listening”, or “Jason, you need to work on your math instead of doodling.” Most control talk originates with the teacher, but students sometimes engage in it with each other, if not with the teacher.

27. KINDS OF TALKS OR ORAL TEXTS 4. Search Talk is another non-threatening approach when you want to gather data or the consensus of others to be able to provide information. Purposes: • To center or an issue; and • To examine and clarify the issue.

28. KINDS OF TALKS OR ORAL TEXTS 4. Search Talk is another non-threatening approach when you want to gather data or the consensus of others to be able to provide information. Example: speculate about causes, brainstorm possibilities, pose solutions without committing yourself • Tell me about the best and worst parts of your day. • What’s your favorite game to play?

29. KINDS OF TALKS OR ORAL TEXTS 5. Straight Talk is good for problem-solving and conflict resolution and may be used to facilitate emotional expression for catharsis, which is the act of purging, cleansing, and unloading of ideas and emotions. Purposes: • To concentrate on the here and now; • To focus on issues; • To share feelings; • To acknowledge feelings; and • To accept without judging.

30. KINDS OF TALKS OR ORAL TEXTS 5. Straight Talk is good for problem-solving and conflict resolution and may be used to facilitate emotional expression for catharsis, which is the act of purging, cleansing, and unloading of ideas and emotions. Example: • The light is on. Please turn it off.I’m cold. I am turning the air conditioner temperature up.My gas tank is empty.

31. Nonverbal Communication • Not all communication is spoken or written. • Body language, facial expressions, and gestures are nonverbal forms. • What nonverbal cues do you use to communicate?

32. Nonverbal Communication • Not all communication is spoken or written. • Body language, facial expressions, and gestures are nonverbal forms. • What nonverbal cues do you use to communicate?

33. Nonverbal Communication • Not all communication is spoken or written. • Body language, facial expressions, and gestures are nonverbal forms. • What nonverbal cues do you use to communicate?

34. Nonverbal Communication • Not all communication is spoken or written. • Body language, facial expressions, and gestures are nonverbal forms. • What nonverbal cues do you use to communicate?

35. Verbal Communication • Verbal communication uses words to convey messages. • It can be spoken or written. • Why is choosing the right words important in communication?

36. Listening in Communication • Listening is a critical part of communication. • It involves understanding and interpreting the message. • How do you show someone you are listening?

37. Barriers to Effective Communication • Noise, distractions, and misunderstandings can hinder communication. • Emotional barriers and language differences also affect it. • Have you experienced barriers in communication? How did you overcome them?

38. Communication in Different Contexts • We communicate differently in various settings: school, home, work. • Context influences our tone, language, and formality. • Discuss how your communication changes in different environments.

39. Technology and Communication • Technology has transformed how we communicate. • Social media, emails, and texting are prevalent. • What are the pros and cons of digital communication?

40. Effective Communication Skills • Being clear, concise, and respectful are key to effective communication. • Active listening and empathy are also important. • What skills do you want to improve in your communication?

41. Cultural Influences on Communication • Culture shapes how we communicate and interpret messages. • Gestures and expressions can have different meanings across cultures. • Can you think of a cultural communication difference you've encountered?

42. Communication and Relationships • Good communication is foundational to healthy relationships. • It involves honesty, trust, and understanding. • How do you maintain open communication with friends and family?

43. Public Speaking and Communication • Public speaking is a form of communication that requires practice. • It's about conveying your message effectively to an audience. • What makes a public speaker engaging to you?

44. Writing as Communication • Writing allows us to communicate across time and space. • It includes letters, books, blogs, and more. • Why is writing a powerful tool for communication?

45. Feedback in Communication • Feedback helps us understand if our message was received correctly. • It can be verbal or nonverbal. • How do you respond to feedback when you communicate?

46. Conflict Resolution Through Communication • Effective communication is key to resolving disagreements. • It requires listening, understanding, and finding common ground. • Share a time when you resolved a conflict through communication.

47. Conclusion: The Power of Communication • Communication shapes our world and relationships. • Mastering communication can lead to personal and professional success. • Reflect on how you can enhance your communication skills.